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Biological classification, or taxonomy, is the science of naming, identifying, and categorizing living organisms based on their structure, physiology, and evolutionary relationships. It is an important topic in NEET, often appearing in MCQs and diagram-based questions.
The modern classification system widely used in NEET is the Five Kingdom Classification, proposed by R.H. Whittaker (1969), which classifies all organisms into Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
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♦ Biological Classification ⇒ Download Now
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Characteristics:
Unicellular and prokaryotic (no nucleus).
Cell wall contains peptidoglycan.
Nutrition: autotrophic or heterotrophic.
Reproduction: binary fission (asexual).
Examples:
Bacteria: E. coli, Lactobacillus
Blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria): Nostoc, Anabaena
NEET Notes:
Monera includes all prokaryotic organisms.
Important for nitrogen fixation in soil (e.g., Rhizobium).
Characteristics:
Mostly unicellular eukaryotes with a true nucleus.
Nutrition: autotrophic (algae) or heterotrophic (protozoa).
Motility through cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia.
Reproduction: asexual and sexual.
Examples:
Algae: Spirogyra, Chlamydomonas
Protozoa: Amoeba, Paramecium
NEET Points:
Protists act as a bridge between Monera and higher eukaryotes.
Some protozoa are pathogenic: Plasmodium (malaria), Trypanosoma.
Characteristics:
Eukaryotic, mostly multicellular (except yeast).
Cell wall made of chitin.
Nutrition: heterotrophic (saprophytic or parasitic).
Reproduction: asexual (spores) or sexual.
Examples:
Yeast (unicellular)
Mucor, Rhizopus (multicellular)
Penicillium (antibiotic production)
NEET Notes:
Fungi are important in medicine, food industry, and decomposition.
They absorb nutrients from dead organic matter.
Characteristics:
Multicellular, autotrophic eukaryotes (photosynthetic).
Cell walls made of cellulose.
Energy stored as starch.
Reproduction: sexual and asexual.
Subgroups (NEET Important):
Bryophytes: Non-vascular (Moss, Liverworts)
Pteridophytes: Vascular, spore-producing (Ferns)
Gymnosperms: Naked seeds (Pinus, Cycas)
Angiosperms: Flowering plants (Sunflower, Mango)
NEET Formulas / Notes:
Bryophytes → No vascular tissue
Pteridophytes → Vascular tissue, no seeds
Gymnosperms → Seeds exposed
Angiosperms → Seeds enclosed in fruit
Characteristics:
Multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes.
No cell wall; cells organized into tissues and organs.
Mostly motile at some stage of life.
Reproduction: sexual, some asexual.
Classification Tips:
Porifera: Sponges, no true tissues
Cnidaria: Jellyfish, Hydra (radial symmetry)
Platyhelminthes: Flatworms (bilateral symmetry, acoelomate)
Nematoda: Roundworms (pseudocoelom)
Annelida: Segmented worms (earthworm)
Arthropoda: Insects, crustaceans (exoskeleton)
Mollusca: Snails, octopus (soft body)
Chordata: Vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals)
NEET Notes:
Focus on body symmetry, coelom type, and examples.
Chordates include all vertebrates, key for NEET questions.
Classification based on cell type, mode of nutrition, reproduction, and complexity.
Monera: Prokaryotic, unicellular
Protista: Eukaryotic, unicellular or colonial
Fungi: Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic
Plantae: Eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic
Animalia: Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic
NEET Tips:
Learn one-line formulas/characteristics for each kingdom.
Use mnemonics: “Monkeys Prefer Figs, Peaches, Apples” for Monera → Protista → Fungi → Plantae → Animalia.
Focus on exceptions (e.g., blue-green algae in Monera, yeast in Fungi).
Use tables for quick revision of kingdoms, cell type, nutrition, reproduction, and examples.
Draw diagrams: Simple sketches of fungi, algae, and plants help in memory retention.
Practice previous years’ NEET questions: They often ask kingdom characteristics or examples.
Link chemistry concepts: e.g., Chitin (C₈H₁₃O₅N)n in fungi, Cellulose (C₆H₁₀O₅)n in plants.
Revise mnemonics for rapid recall during exams.
Biological classification is a high-scoring and fundamental topic in NEET. Memorizing five kingdoms, their key characteristics, and examples is essential.
With this StudentBro.in guide, students can efficiently revise formulas, kingdom features, and examples, saving time while ensuring better retention and exam readiness.
Remember: Linking structure, function, and examples enhances understanding and makes NEET Biology preparation effective.
