Introduction

Reproductive health is essential for safe and responsible reproduction. NEET often tests contraception, infertility treatments, reproductive system care, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Understanding these topics helps students answer both conceptual and application-based questions.

Reproductive health ensures physical, mental, and social well-being related to the reproductive system, not merely the absence of disease.

Direct Links to Download 2025-26 Formula Biology (PDF)

► Click “Download Now” next to your subject to access the free PDF.

♦ The Living World ⇒ Download Now

♦ Biological Classification ⇒ Download Now

♦ Plant Kingdom ⇒ Download Now

♦ Animal kingdom ⇒ Download Now

♦ Morphology of Flowering Plants ⇒ Download Now

♦ Anatomy of Flowerng Plants ⇒ Download Now

♦ Structural Organisation in Animals ⇒ Download Now

♦ Cell-The Unit of Life ⇒ Download Now

♦ Cell Cycle and Cell Division ⇒ Download Now

♦ Photosynthesis in Higher Plants ⇒ Download Now

♦ Respiration in Plants ⇒ Download Now

♦ Plant, Growth and Development ⇒ Download Now

♦ Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants ⇒ Download Now

♦ Human Reproduction ⇒ Download Now

♦ Reproductive Health ⇒ Download Now

♦ Principles of Inheritance and Variation ⇒ Download Now

♦ Molecular Basis of Inheritance ⇒ Download Now

♦ Human Health and Diseases ⇒ Download Now

♦ Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production ⇒ Download Now

♦ Microbes in Human Welfare ⇒ Download Now

♦ Biotechnology - Principles and Processes ⇒ Download Now

♦ Biotechnology and its Application⇒ Download Now

♦ Organisms and Populations ⇒ Download Now

♦ Ecosystem ⇒ Download Now

♦ Biodiversity and its Conservation ⇒ Download Now

♦ Environmental Issues ⇒ Download Now

♦ Body Fluid and Circulation ⇒ Download Now

♦ Excretory Products and Their Elimination ⇒ Download Now

♦ Locomotion and Movement ⇒ Download Now

♦ Neural Control and Coordination ⇒ Download Now

♦ Chemical Coordination and Intergration ⇒ Download Now

♦ Breathing and Exchange of Gases ⇒ Download Now

1. Definition of Reproductive Health

According to WHO:

“Reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being in all matters relating to the reproductive system, its functions, and processes.”

Key Points:

• Safe reproduction

• Family planning

• Prevention of STDs

• Access to reproductive health services

2. Contraception (Birth Control)

Definition:

• Methods to prevent pregnancy by interfering with gamete production, fertilization, or implantation

Types of Contraception:

A. Natural Methods:

• Periodic abstinence (Rhythm method) → Avoid intercourse during fertile period

• Coitus interruptus (Withdrawal method) → Male withdraws before ejaculation

B. Barrier Methods:

• Condom (male/female) → Prevent sperm entry → Protects against STDs

• Diaphragm / Cervical cap → Covers cervix

C. Hormonal Methods:

• Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs): Contain estrogen + progesterone → Inhibit ovulation

• Injectable contraceptives: Progesterone → Prevent ovulation

• Implants: Release hormones for long-term contraception

D. Intrauterine Devices (IUDs / IUCDs):

• Prevent implantation of zygote

• Copper IUD → Spermicidal effect

E. Surgical Methods:

• Vasectomy: Male sterilization → Blocks sperm transport

• Tubectomy: Female sterilization → Blocks fallopian tubes

NEET Tip:

• Hormonal methods → Act mainly on ovulation

• Barrier methods → Prevent fertilization

3. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Definition:

• Diseases transmitted through sexual contact, caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites

Common STDs:

Prevention:

• Safe sex (condoms)

• Screening and treatment

• Vaccination (HPV)

4. Infertility and Treatments

Definition:

• Inability to conceive after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse

Causes:

• Male: Low sperm count, abnormal sperm, hormonal imbalance

• Female: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), blocked fallopian tubes, hormonal disorders

Treatments (ART – Assisted Reproductive Technology):

1. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Egg fertilized outside → Embryo implanted

2. Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT): Egg + sperm → Fallopian tube

3. Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT): Fertilized zygote → Fallopian tube

4. ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection): Single sperm injected into egg

NEET Tip:

• ARTs are used to overcome infertility

• IVF → Most commonly asked in NEET

5. Maternal and Child Health Care

Key Points:

• Antenatal care → Regular checkups, iron and folic acid supplementation

• Institutional delivery → Reduces maternal mortality

• Postnatal care → Ensures newborn survival

NEET Tip:

• Maternal health → Closely linked with reproductive health

6. Population Control and Family Planning

• Goal: Maintain a stable population for socioeconomic development

• Methods: Contraception, sterilization, awareness programs

NEET Tip:

• Male sterilization → Vasectomy

• Female sterilization → Tubectomy

7. Menstrual Hygiene

• Use of sanitary pads, menstrual cups, proper washing of genital area

• Prevents infections and reproductive tract diseases

NEET Tip:

• Hygiene is part of reproductive health maintenance

8. NEET Important Formulas / Memory Aids

1. Contraception formula: Fertilization prevented = Barrier / Hormonal / Surgical / Natural

2. Gamete formula: Spermatogenesis → 2n → n, Oogenesis → 2n → n + polar bodies

3. Pregnancy formula: Zygote (2n) → Embryo → Fetus → Baby

4. ART formula: Egg + Sperm → IVF / GIFT / ZIFT → Implantation → Pregnancy

Mnemonic for Contraception Types:
“Never Buy Heavy Icy Snacks” → Natural, Barrier, Hormonal, IUD, Surgical

9. NEET Exam Tips

• Focus on contraception methods, ARTs, STDs, and maternal health

• Draw diagrams of IUD, IVF process, male and female reproductive systems

• Remember hormone roles and prevention strategies

• Conceptual understanding → Scoring in MCQs

Conclusion

Reproductive health is a vital topic in NEET Biology. Mastery of contraception methods, reproductive care, infertility treatments, STDs, and maternal health is essential for scoring in NEET.

With this StudentBro.in guide, students can efficiently revise reproductive health formulas, preventive strategies, and treatment methods, enhancing speed and accuracy during NEET exams.

Remember: Maintaining reproductive health = Safe reproduction + Prevention of STDs + Family planning + Maternal care.