Introduction

The p-block elements occupy the last six groups of the periodic table and include Groups 13 to 18. These elements have their valence electrons in the p-orbital, which determines their chemical behavior. Understanding Some p-Block Elements is crucial for NEET preparation, as questions often focus on formulas, properties, and reactions.

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♦ s-Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals) ⇒ Download Now

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♦ p-Block Elements ⇒ Download Now

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1. Group 13 Elements (Boron Family) – H4 Bold

General Formula: E³⁺ (where E = B, Al, Ga, In, Tl)

Important Elements: Boron (B), Aluminium (Al)

Properties:

• Oxidation state: +3 (mainly), Tl can show +1

• Metals (except B, which is a metalloid)

• Form oxides like B₂O₃ and Al₂O₃

• Act as Lewis acids due to electron deficiency

Key Formulas:

• Boric acid: H₃BO₃

• Aluminium chloride: AlCl₃

• Boron trifluoride: BF₃

Reactions:

• Boric acid + water → H₃O⁺ (acts as a weak acid)

• Aluminium reacts with acids to form salts and hydrogen gas

2. Group 14 Elements (Carbon Family) – H4 Bold

General Formula: E⁴⁺ (where E = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb)

Important Elements: Carbon (C), Silicon (Si)

Properties:

• Oxidation states: +2 and +4

• Non-metal (C), metalloid (Si, Ge), metals (Sn, Pb)

• Form oxides like CO₂, SiO₂, SnO₂

Key Formulas:

• Carbon dioxide: CO₂

• Carbon monoxide: CO

• Silicon dioxide: SiO₂

Reactions:

• Carbon reacts with oxygen → CO₂ / CO

• Silicon reacts with halogens → SiCl₄

3. Group 15 Elements (Nitrogen Family) – H4 Bold

General Formula: E³⁻ (where E = N, P, As, Sb, Bi)

Important Elements: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P)

Properties:

• Oxidation states: -3, +3, +5

• Nitrogen is a diatomic gas (N₂)

• Phosphorus exists as P₄ (white), P₄ (red)

Key Formulas:

• Ammonia: NH₃

• Nitric acid: HNO₃

• Phosphorus pentachloride: PCl₅

Reactions:

• Nitrogen + hydrogen → Ammonia (Haber process)

• Phosphorus reacts with oxygen → P₄O₁₀

4. Group 16 Elements (Oxygen Family) – H4 Bold

General Formula: E²⁻ (where E = O, S, Se, Te, Po)

Important Elements: Oxygen (O), Sulfur (S)

Properties:

• Oxidation states: -2, +2, +4, +6

• Oxygen is highly electronegative

• Sulfur forms rings and oxides

Key Formulas:

• Water: H₂O

• Sulfur dioxide: SO₂

• Sulfuric acid: H₂SO₄

Reactions:

• Oxygen supports combustion

• Sulfur reacts with oxygen → SO₂ → H₂SO₄

5. Group 17 Elements (Halogens) – H4 Bold

General Formula: X⁻ (where X = F, Cl, Br, I, At)

Properties:

• Highly electronegative

• Exist as diatomic molecules (Cl₂, Br₂)

• Form acids with hydrogen (HF, HCl)

Key Formulas:

• Hydrogen chloride: HCl

• Sodium chloride: NaCl

• Chlorine trifluoride: ClF₃

Reactions:

• Halogens displace each other in salts

• React with metals to form halides

6. Group 18 Elements (Noble Gases) – H4 Bold

General Formula: Monoatomic gases

Important Elements: Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar)

Properties:

• Chemically inert due to full valence shell

• Monoatomic gases at room temperature

• Very low reactivity

Key Uses:

• Helium in balloons

• Neon in lights

• Argon in welding

Tips for NEET Preparation – Some p-Block Elements

1. Memorize key formulas and oxides.

2. Focus on oxidation states and trends in properties.

3. Practice reaction mechanisms, especially for halogens and nitrogen compounds.

4. Solve previous year NEET questions for quick revision.

5. Use tables and charts for Group-wise properties and formulas.

Conclusion

Mastering Some p-Block Elements is essential for NEET Chemistry. By focusing on formulas, reactions, and periodic trends, students can score well in the exam. Use this guide as a quick revision tool and refer to it alongside your textbooks.