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Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry is the first and most fundamental chapter of NEET Chemistry. It builds the base for all future chapters in Physical, Organic, and Inorganic Chemistry. A strong understanding of formulas from this chapter helps students solve numerical problems quickly and accurately in the NEET exam.
This chapter mainly focuses on mole concept, atomic mass, molecular mass, stoichiometry, and concentration terms. Questions from this chapter are often calculation-based and scoring.
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♦ Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry ⇒ Download Now
♦ Structure of Atom ⇒ Download Now
♦ Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties ⇒ Download Now
♦ Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure ⇒ Download Now
♦ Thermodynamics ⇒ Download Now
♦ Equilibrium ⇒ Download Now
♦ Redox Reactions ⇒ Download Now
♦ s-Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals) ⇒ Download Now
♦ Some p-Block Elements ⇒ Download Now
♦ p-Block Elements ⇒ Download Now
♦ Some Basic Principles and Techniques ⇒ Download Now
♦ Hydrocarbons ⇒ Download Now
♦ Solutions ⇒ Download Now
♦ Electrochemistry ⇒ Download Now
♦ Chemical Kinetics ⇒ Download Now
♦ Surface Chemistry ⇒ Download Now
♦ General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements ⇒ Download Now
♦ d and f Block Elements ⇒ Download Now
♦ Coordination Compounds ⇒ Download Now
♦ Haloalkanes and Haloarenes ⇒ Download Now
♦ Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers ⇒ Download Now
♦ Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acid ⇒ Download Now
♦ Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen ⇒ Download Now
♦ Biomolecules ⇒ Download Now
♦ Polymers ⇒ Download Now
♦ Chemistry in Everyday Life ⇒ Download Now
This chapter is extremely important because:
It helps in understanding chemical calculations
It is used in almost every chemistry chapter
NEET frequently asks numerical questions from this topic
It improves problem-solving speed
A good grip on formulas can help students secure easy marks.
The laws of chemical combination explain how substances react with each other.
Law of Conservation of Mass
Mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction.
Law of Definite Proportions
A chemical compound always contains the same elements in the same fixed ratio by mass.
These laws form the theoretical base for numerical problems.
Atomic mass is the average mass of atoms of an element compared to carbon-12.
Formula:
Atomic Mass = (Relative mass of atom compared to 1/12th mass of C-12)
Atomic mass is usually expressed in atomic mass unit (amu).
Molecular mass is the sum of atomic masses of all atoms present in one molecule.
Formula:
Molecular Mass = Sum of atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule
Example:
H₂O = (2 × Atomic mass of H) + (1 × Atomic mass of O)
Formula mass is used for ionic compounds where molecules do not exist.
Formula:
Formula Mass = Sum of atomic masses of ions present in the formula unit
The mole concept is the heart of this chapter and very important for NEET.
1 Mole = 6.022 × 10²³ particles (Avogadro’s number)
Particles can be atoms, molecules, or ions.
Formula:
Number of moles (n) = Given mass / Molar mass
This formula is widely used in NEET numerical problems.
Formula:
Mass = Number of moles × Molar mass
This relationship helps in converting between mass and moles.
Formula:
Number of particles = Number of moles × Avogadro’s number
This formula is frequently tested in NEET exams.
Equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules.
This law is useful in gaseous calculations.
At STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure):
Formula:
1 mole of any gas = 22.4 L
This is important for gas-related numerical problems.
Stoichiometry deals with the quantitative relationship between reactants and products.
It is based on:
Balanced chemical equations
Mole ratios
Law of conservation of mass
Stoichiometric calculations are commonly asked in NEET.
The limiting reagent is the reactant that gets completely consumed first.
It determines:
Amount of product formed
Extent of reaction
Understanding this concept helps avoid calculation mistakes.
Concentration expresses the amount of solute present in a solution.
Formula:
Mass % = (Mass of solute / Mass of solution) × 100
Formula:
Volume % = (Volume of solute / Volume of solution) × 100
Molarity is the number of moles of solute per litre of solution.
Formula:
Molarity = Number of moles of solute / Volume of solution (in litres)
This is one of the most important formulas for NEET.
Molality is the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
Formula:
Molality = Number of moles of solute / Mass of solvent (in kg)
Normality is the number of gram equivalents per litre of solution.
Formula:
Normality = Number of gram equivalents / Volume of solution (in litres)
This relation is used when density of solution is given.
It is useful in advanced numerical problems.
Empirical formula shows the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms.
Steps involve:
Converting mass % to moles
Finding simplest ratio
Molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms in a molecule.
Formula:
Molecular Formula = (Empirical formula)ⁿ
Where n = Molecular mass / Empirical formula mass
Saves time in exams
Improves accuracy
Helps solve multi-step problems
Builds strong fundamentals
Regular revision of formulas is key to NEET success.
Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry is a high-scoring and foundation chapter for NEET aspirants. Mastering the formulas related to mole concept, stoichiometry, atomic mass, molecular mass, and concentration terms can significantly boost performance in the exam. Students should practice numerical problems daily and revise formulas regularly.
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