Introduction

Chemistry in Action explores the real-life applications of chemistry in various fields, including medicine, industry, agriculture, and environmental science. Understanding these applications is crucial for NEET aspirants as it provides insight into how chemical principles are utilized to improve human life and technological advancements.

Drugs and Medicines

1. Analgesics

These are pain-relieving drugs that act on the nervous system.

• Narcotic Analgesics – Derived from opium (e.g., Morphine, Codeine).
• Non-Narcotic Analgesics – Aspirin, Paracetamol (used for mild pain and fever reduction).

2. Antibiotics

Antibiotics inhibit the growth of or kill bacteria.

• Bactericidal – Kill bacteria (e.g., Penicillin, Streptomycin).
• Bacteriostatic – Inhibit bacterial growth (e.g., Tetracycline, Erythromycin).

3. Antiseptics and Disinfectants

These chemicals are used to prevent microbial infections.

• Antiseptics – Used on living tissues (e.g., Dettol, Iodine tincture).
• Disinfectants – Used on non-living surfaces (e.g., Phenol, Hydrogen Peroxide).

4. Antacids

Used to neutralize excess stomach acid and relieve acidity.

• Examples: Sodium bicarbonate, Magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia).

Chemicals in Food

1. Food Preservatives

Used to prevent spoilage and extend shelf life.

• Common preservatives: Sodium benzoate, Sulfur dioxide.

2. Artificial Sweeteners

Used as sugar substitutes in diet foods.

• Examples: Aspartame, Saccharin, Sucralose.

3. Antioxidants

Prevent oxidation of food, enhancing its shelf life.

• Examples: BHA (Butylated hydroxyanisole), BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene).

Cleansing Agents

1. Soaps

Made by saponification of fats and oils with alkali (NaOH/KOH).

• Work by emulsifying grease and dirt.
• Less effective in hard water due to scum formation.

2. Synthetic Detergents

Better cleaning agents than soaps, work well in hard water.

• Types: Anionic, Cationic, and Non-ionic detergents.

Environmental Chemistry

1. Air Pollution

Caused by harmful gases like CO, NOx, SO2.

• Effects: Acid rain, Global warming, Smog formation.

2. Water Pollution

Contamination of water bodies by chemicals, industrial waste, and sewage.

• Causes: Heavy metals, Pesticides, Fertilizers.

Conclusion

Chemistry plays a crucial role in everyday life, from healthcare to environmental protection. Understanding its applications is essential for NEET aspirants as it bridges theoretical knowledge with real-world significance.