World After 1945 Class 9 GSEB Solutions Social Science Chapter 6

Gujarat Board Class 9 Social Science World After 1945 Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following questions:

Question 1. Write about the United Nations and its aims:
Answer:
The UN:

1. After the Second World War, large scale unemployment, epidemics, crores of death and ruined economy shook the world.
2. The countries of the world finally realized a serious need to establish a world organization which would maintain peace and harmony in the world.
3. Owing to this need, United Nations Organisation (UNO) was established on 24th October, 1945. It was later renamed as United Nations.
4. The United Nations charter starts with the Preamble (i.e. Introduction) of the Constitution.

The Aims of the UN:

1. The UN makes a determination to save the future generation from destructive wars by preventing wars.
2. It emphasis that the countries of the world should obey international laws and move ahead with mutual understanding.
3. It also emphasis that the countries should develop tolerance towards other countries so that the whole world develops socially.
4. Economic, social and cultural problems should be solved with the help of United Nations. Human rights and basic freedom should be provided to all irrespective of their caste, language gender or religion.
5. The UN appeals to all the nations to co-operate with these objectives.

Question 2. Explain the meaning of the policy of Non-Alignment:
Answer:
The world was divided into two superpowers. Some new nations adopted the policy of not to align with any of the two power blocs and military blocs. They decided that they would maintain equal distance with both blocs. These nations were identified as ‘Non-Aligned Nations’ and their foreign policy was called ‘Non- Aligned Policy’.

Question 3. Write in brief about the consequences of ‘Cold War’.
Answer:
Consequences of Cold War:

1. There was a basic change in relations among powerful nations of the world after the World War II.
2. Britain and France became victorious in the ware yet they lost the status of great powers due to terrible ruination caused by the ravages of war.
3. Germany, Italy and Japan axis states were economically, politically and militarily ruined due to defeat in war.
4. America and Russia emerged as leaders of two rival power blocs and military powers. Thus, the Cold War started between them.
5. Soviet Union captured the eastern areas of Germany and other eastern countries like Australia, Albania, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and the Baltic States.
6. Meanwhile democratic system was gradually established in the Western European countries that were liberated by British and American forces.

Question 4. Explain in brief the disintegration and unification of Germany.
Answer:
Disintegration of Germany:

1. The defeated Germany was divided into four administrative segments by victorious countries after the war was over. Administration was carried out by America, Britain, France and Russia.
2. The capital of Germany Berlin was also divided in four parts. ‘
3. As Germany’s three Western segments were united, three administrative segments of Berlin also united. In reaction of this, Soviet Union in April, 1948 declared ‘Berlin Blockade’.
4. Later on a high and 42 km long wall separating western and eastern Berlin was constructed. It is considered as the symbol of Cold War.
5. The atmosphere of distrust arose among power groups and tried to keep the government of East Germany under its control.

Unification of Germany:

1. Till 1990 many important and far-fetching changes took place in international politics owing to many reasons the Cold War among superpowers also ended.
2. These years witnessed cracks in otherwise impregnable Soviet Union. As a result Soviet Union was disintegrated.
3. As a consequence of it in October 3rd 1990 both the Germany united. People broke down the German Wall which was a symbol of German division.
4. People considered demolition of Berlin wall as the end of the Cold War era and celebrated the occasion wholeheartedly.

Question 5. Discuss in brief relation between India and Russia.
Answer:

1. The Soviet Union (Russia) has helped India considerably in establishing heavy and key industries. It also helps India economically as well as technically.
2. The Soviet Union has taken India’s side in the issue of Jammu and Kashmir.
3. Soviet Union has often exercised ‘Veto Power’ in the United Nation’s Security Council to see that proposal again India pertaining to Jammu and Kashmir issue should not pass.
4. Thus, Russia and India have a very close friendly relations.

Question 6. Write short notes on : ‘Military blocs’, NATO’, ‘SEATO’, ‘WARSAW PACT’.
Answer:

• Military Blocs: After Second World War Europe and other countries of the world joined with power groups and the power was centralised between two poles. So, atmosphere of distrust created between both power groups, so military groups were formed.
• NATO: Led and inspired by America, Western democratic countries on the North Atlantic Ocean established a military organization NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) in April 1949.
• SEATO: To protect south-eastern countries from the onslaught on the Soviet Union communism. America and England established one more military organization in 1945 SEATO (South Eastern Asiatic Treaty Organisation).
• WARSAW PACT: Against all these treaties Russia created a military organization named “WARSAW Pact”. The members of the organization are Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Rumania and Russia.

II. Answer the following questions in brief.

Question 1. After World War II, how did the conflict between power blocs cause the situation of conflict?
Answer:
Fierce competition for dominance over the world between two superpowers America and Russia, formation of military groups, armament race for sake of dominance and Cold War led the relations between these two superpowers became stressful after the World War II.

Question 2. What were Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru’s thoughts on the policy of Non-Alignment?
Answer:
Nehru believed that movement continues to see a role for itself, as in this view the world’s poorest nations remain exploited and marginalised, no longer by opposing superpowers but rather in a unipolar world.

Question 3. What is Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty? Why has India not signed it?
Answer:
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and anti Missile Treaties were framed to prevent the spread of Nuclear Weapons and missiles in other countries of the world.

United States has persisted that India should sign the Nuclear Proliferation Treaty and Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. But as these both treaties were harmful to the national interest so India did not sign it.

III. Write Short Notes on

Question 1. Armanent and Disarmament
Answer:
Armanent:

1. The Cold War which was meant for dominance over the world, gave rise to fierce competition among two superpowers and for the sake of dominance armament race was given high priority.
2. America had used atom bomb for the first time on two cities of Japan namely Hiroshima and Nagasaki and proved its supremacy. Soviet Union too proved its capacity of making atom bomb by conducting a nuclear test.
3. Apart from nuclear weapons and missiles the superpowers has developed chemical and biological weapons. These weapons of mass destruction can kill million of people without damaging any materialistic wealth people could dies miserably while subscribing various diseases.

Disarmanent:

1. After the Cuban Crisis communication between two super powers began due to clarification of misunderstanding the end of Cold War became easy.
2. America the Soviet Union and the Britain agreed on maintaining control over nuclear productions experiment and proliferation. This agreement is known as Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.
3. France of course refused to sign this treaty. China conducted a nuclear test in 1964 and refused to sign the treaty. This treaty imposed ban on conducting a nuclear test on another country.
4. India has always welcomed this treaty but it is always a supporter of disamament. The world will be always in danger until the disarmament of lethal weapons is not done.

Question 2. Cuban Crisis:
Answer:

1. America declared blockade of the communist Cuba which was on southeast against it Soviet Union sent ships loaded with nuclear missiles in the Caribbean ‘ Sea.
2. Both the superpowers threatened each other to use nuclear weapons. Thus, world was almost on the verge of nuclear war.
3. Finally leaders of America and the Soviet Union had a talk on the ‘Hotline’ for the first time. Both parties realised about the destruction by nuclear weapons. They pulled back their nuclear weapons with an aim to maintain peace and development of their countries.
4. The Soviet Union decided to withdraw its ships and America decided to curb nuclear weapons towards Cuba. The entire episode is known as Cuban Crisis.
5. It began communication between two superpowers. The misunderstanding between them was cleared. They did work of human welfare by not using nuclear weapons. So Cuban Crisis is also considered as the beginning of the end of the Cold War.

Question 3. Disintegration of Soviet Union :
Answer:

1. Mikhail Gorbachev became the Prime Minister from a socialistic side on 11 th March, 1989. He had a liberal attitude.
2. During the last decade of twentieth century, Soviet Union’s Prime Minister Mikhail Gorbachev’s liberal policy led to the disintegration of Soviet Union.
3. He adopted two policies “Glasnost and Perestroika’. In this way Gorbachev introduced economic and political reforms in the place of single handed communist rule. Soviet socialistic republic union also desired for independence. Thus, process of disintegration of the Soviet Union began.
4. Russia had progressed tremendously in the field of science and technology. They also had acquired capability to compete with superpowers USA.
5. Rapid progress, political freedom, high life standard of values and desire for democracy created awareness in people. Thus, conflict between democratic group and communist group was removed.
6. As time passed the strong hold of communist party, the Soviet bureaucracy and the Red Army started weakening. Towards the end out of 15 states 14 states, became independent and disintegration of Soviet Union came to an end in December 1991.
7. Thus, after this event western countries approached Russia for development in many matters.

Question 4. Berlin Blockade:
Answer:

1. Germany was the main cause behind both the World Wars. It faced a humiliating defeat in World War II.
2. All its administration and economy collapsed completely. There was not a single large party left in the whole of Germany that could rule the nation. Therefore, the defeated Germany was divided into four administrative segments after the war.
3. Two independent German states came into existence namely West Germany (democratic and East Germany (Communist). Due to this capital Berlin was also divided.
4. As Germany’s three western segments were united three administrative segments of Berlin also united.
5. In a reaction to this Soviet Union in April 1948 declared ‘Berlin Blockade’. This resulted into tremendous tension between the Soviet Union and the western countries.
6. Later on a high and 42 .km long wall separating western and eastern Berlin was constructed. It is considered as the symbol of the Cold War.

IV. State reason for the following statements:

Question 1. Establishment of the United Nations is the starting point of New World.
Answer:

1. After the Second World War, large scale unemployment, epidemics, crores of death and mines economy shook the world.
2. The countries of the world finally realised
3. a serious need to establish a world organisation which would maintain peace and harmony in the world.
4. The United Nations was established considering these objectives.
5. Since its establishment the UN has played a very important role in maintaining peace and security in the world, preventing wars and promoting world development.
6. Hence, establishment of the United Nations is considered as the starting point of the New World.

Question 2. Cuban Crisis is considered to be the beginning of the end of Cold War.
Answer:
It was during the Cuban Crisis that the two superpowers namely America and Russia first time thought of pulling back their nuclear weapons in the good faith of the whole world. Both the nations wanted to maintain peace and development of their countries.

1. Moreover, after the Cuban Crisis, America, the Soviet Union and the Britain agreed to control the nuclear production, experiment and proliferation.
2. These countries signed a treaty in this regard. This treaty imposed ban on conducting a nuclear test in open atmosphere. In the long run this treaty helped to end the Cold War.
3. All this began with the Cuban Crisis. Hence, Cuban Crisis is considered as the beginning towards the end of the Cold War.

Question 3. Choose the correct option for each statements and write down the answer.
Question 1. How does the charter of United nations begin?
A. Declaration Letter
B. Foreword
C. Human Rights
D. Constitution
Answer:
B. Foreword

Question 2. Which of these event is considered as the beginning of Cold War?
A. Berlin Blockade
B. Disintegration of Germany
C. German Miracle
D. Unification of Germany
Answer:
A. Berlin Blockade

Question 3. Which ideology was followed by the countries coming under the leadership of Soviet Union?
A. Democratic
B. Imperialism
C. Socialistic
D. Liberalism
Answer:
C. Socialistic

Question 4. Who was the promoter of Non-Aligned Movement from India?
A. Lalbahadur Shastri
B. Dr. Radhakrishnan
C. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
D. Smt. Indira Gandhi
Answer:
C. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru

Question 5. Which policy played an important role in the International Polities?
A. Non-Aligned Policies
B. Cold War policies
C. Disarmament Policies
D. Establishment Policies
Answer:
A. Non-Aligned Policies