National Movements of India Class 9 GSEB Solutions Social Science Chapter 4

Gujarat Board Class 9 Social Science National Movements of India Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following question pointwise:

Question 1. Discuss the nature and effects of boycott agitation and national movements.
Answer:

1. Boycott and indigenous movement along with Bangbhang Movement was one of the important events of the Indian National Movements.
2. Because of the ‘Divide and Rule’ policy as result of the Britisher’s Machiavellian policies, boycott and indigenous movement get impetus.
3. Viceroy Curzon divided the vast Bengal Province into East Bengal and West Bengal, in the name of bringing about administrative efficiency.
4. When Bengal was divided on 16th October in 1905, the whole Bengal observed the day as ‘National Mourning Day’.
5. On the same day, announcement about boycotting all foreign goods and encouragement to use indigenous goods was made.
6. This movement had three major characteristics:
   • Adopt indigenous products
   • Boycott of foreign goods
   • Adopt national education.

Result of boycott movement:

1. India benefited a lot due fo this Swadeshi Movement, but the English Industry was badly affected.
2. The cloth coming from Manchester stopped.
3. Sugar, shoes, cigarettes, tobacco etc. imported from England also reduced and the sale of cloth made in India, increased.
4. Factories for making indigenous goods were started.
5. The effect of the Movement was felt in other provinces of India like Punjab,
   Utttar Pradesh. Madhya Pradesh, Bombay (Mumbai), Madras etc.
6. The echo of the movement was also felt strongly in the British Parliament and just within six years in 1911, the division of Bengal was scrapped after a rethinking by the Parliament.

Question 2. Growth and development of fierce revolutionary movements. Discuss.
Answer:
Revolutionary Movement:

1. The revolutionary activity in Indian was started by Vasudev Balvant Phadke.
2. Revolutionaries like Damodar Chaphekar, and Balkrishana Chaphekar brothers, Vir Savarkar, Baarindranath Ghosh, Khudiram Bose, Praful Chaki, Ramprasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, Raj guru, Sukhdev, Batukeshwar Dutt, etc. carried on the torch of nationalism.
3. Youth trained in making and using weapons were a constant threat for the English Government.
4. In Surat, congress conference in 1907 two groups ‘JahaT and ‘Maval’ were formed.
5. Lal-Bal-Pal trio adopted the radical attitude which brought new life in the young Indian activists.
6. Lokmanya Tilak declared ‘Freedom is my Birthright and I will achieve in anyhow’. This became maxim for the revolutionary freedom fighters.
7. Indian youth undertook activities to seek freedom from foreign rule.
8. They could give their lives to attain freedom.
9. This activities were spread in Maharashtra, Bengal, Punjab, Bihar, Orissa, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madras Province, Uttar Pradesh and central India.
10. Mitramela Society, Abhinav Bharat Samaj, Anushilan Samiti, Anjuman-e-Muhillane Vatan, Indian Patriots Association etc. and thus gave impetus to revolutionary activities.
11. Newspapers and magazines gave constant strength to the activities.
12. Several revolutionaries were arrested in ‘Howrah massacre’ and ‘Dhaka massacre4 were arrested.
13. Attempts to kill Lord Hardinge by throwing a bomb; dropping bomb on Viceroy Minto on November 13, 1909 outside Raipur Darwaja in Ahmedabad can all be given as an example of these.
14. During 1929-42 events like ‘Kakori Loot Case’, ‘Lahore massacre’ and dropping of bomb on Central Parliament took place.

Question 3. Explain the programmes, events and effects of Non-Cooperation Movement.
Answer:
Programmes for Non-cooperation Movement.

1. Mahatma Gandhi, Rabindranath Tagore surrendered their titles ‘Kaiser-e-Hind’ and ‘Knighthood honour’ respectively.
2. Other leaders of the nation also gave up their titles and positions.
3. Students left English schools and colleges.
4. At various places, foreign clothes were set on fire.
5. Duke of Kainatt came to India, he was boycotted.
6. National schools and colleges were established.
7. To make this movement unsuccessful and to break the unity of Hindi-Muslim, Government supported the policy of suppression.

Effect of Non-Co-operation Movement:

1. The Nagpur Conference gave the approval to Non-Co-operation movement in December 1920.
2. Hindu-Muslims were united.
3. More than one crore rupees was collected in the Tilak Fund.
4. The Congress made a strong demand for independence of India (Swarajya) instead of self-government.
5. Chauri-Chaura incident look place in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, Where people attacked the police station and set on fire in which 21 policemen died.
6. On receiving this horrible news, Gandhiji suspended the Movement immediately.

Effect of the movement:

1. This Movement did not achieve its desired aims, not through its negative and constructive aspect, managed to generate in people, awareness of their injustice.
2. There was a political awareness among all the classes of India.
3. The faith in independence became stronger.
4. The fear of lathi, punishment and imprisonment was removed.
5. The youth and women too came forward to
   serve their nation and the Congress became an organization of the people.
6. Schools giving national education began.
7. Hindi started getting more importance than English.
8. The Movement that was limited to cities and towns and intellectuals spread to the people and village.

2. Write Short Notes:

Question 1. Revolutionary movements in foreign countries
Answer:

1. Revolutionary movements began in foreign countries also giving freedom to India from the British.
2. The revolutionary activities that began in India spread to different countries like England, Canada, America, Germany, France, Myanmar, Malaya, Singapore, Afghanistan, Russia.
3. Syamji Krishna Verma, Madanlal Dhingra, Vir Savarkar, Lala Hardayal, Udham Singh, Raja Mahendra, Pratap, Madam Bhikhaji Cama, Sardar Singh Rana, Maulana Abdulla, Maulana Basir, Charmpak Raman Pillai, Dr. Mathur Singh ‘Khudabaksh’ were associated with their activities.
4. The revolutionary activities in the foreign countries gave impetus to the revolutionary activities in India.
5. Pistols were being secretly sent to India from England along with the beddings of cooks.
6. Madanlal Dhingra killed William Wylie who used to criticize the revolutionaries.
7. In 1907, the Indian Independence league was established in California, America, which was later named as ‘Gadar Party’ by Lala Hardayal. A weekly named ‘Gadar’ was published in four languages.
8. Taraknath Das and Kartar Singh too joined this activity.
9. Champak Raman Pillai formed the ‘Hind Rashtriya Swayamsevak Dal’ in Germany, plan was made to attack India by making Iraq as the headquarter.
10. Madam Cama hoisted national flag for the first time in the conference held in Stuttgart, Germany.
11. Raja Mahendra Pratap formed the Provisional Independent Government under ‘Rashtra Pramukh’ in Afghanistan in which Barkatulla, Abidulla, Maulana Bashir, Shamsher Singh, Dr. Mathur Singh etc. also joined. This government made efforts to get help from Russia, Iran, Turkey, etc.
12. Sohanlal Pathak in Burma and Parmanand in Singapore carried on revolutionary activities.
13. In order to obtain freedom for the motherland, to achieve the noble goal of freedom the revolutionaries sacrificed their lives having feeling of patriotism, sacrifice etc.
14. Their sacrifices would provide inspiration to the young generation for ages.

Question 2. Rowlatt Act
Answer:

1. The British government formed the Rowlatt Act under the Chairmanship of Rowlatt, the Minister of Law in 1919.
2. This Act was formed with the purpose of suppressing revolutionaries and nationalists.
3. This Act came to be known as ‘Black Act’ because it was meant to suppress individual freedom and freedom of speech.
4. According to this Act, any suspicious person could be arrested and jailed, without conducting any trial against him.
5. That’s why Gandhiji called it ‘Black Act’ and Motilal Nehru considered it as ‘snatching away, of argument, appeal and advocacy’.
6. The British government get immense power under this Act to suppress opposition. So leaders and people at large expressed their opposition or protest.
7. Meeting, rallies, shows and strikes were organized against it.
8. Gandhiji was arrested in Delhi.
9. When Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Kitchlu were arrested in Punjab, he tried to suppress all opposition.

Question 3. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre:
Answer:

1. On 13 March 1919, the public meeting was organized in the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, on the day of Baisakhi, to oppose the arrest of popular leaders like Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Kitchlu.
2. General Dyer reached there with his troops and without any warning, opened fire on innocent people from the machine guns.
3. Number of people lost their lives in the firing.
4. According to the government report, 379 people died and 1200 injured.
5. As per the committed appointed by the Congress, 1000 people had died in the firing.
6. ‘Hunter Commission’, investigating the case on behalf of the British Government, defended General Dyer.
7. The Commission forgave Dyer considering it as ‘an innocent mistake that happened unknowingly’.
8. When Dyer returned to England, he was honored with a sword and 2000 pounds.
9. Indians got a terrible shock because of this.
10. After this inhuman act, Gandhiji’s faith towards the British was completely lost.
11. This tragedy became the ground for the future Non-Cooperation Movement.

Question 4. Swarajya Party
Answer:

1. After the withdrawal of the Non- Cooperation Movement, Chittranjan Das and Motilal Nehru started Swarajya Party with the purpose of retaining the national awareness among people.
2. Their purpose was to enter the legislative assemblies and oppose the unfair policies of the government.
3. The leaders of the Swarajya Party also adopted the constructive activities of Gandhiji like abolition of untouchability, Hindu-Muslim unity, revival of spinning wheel, liquor prohibition etc.
4. Swarajya party contested the election of the legislatures held in November 1923 and the candidates of the Swarajya Party were elected in the central legislature as well as the Provincial Legislature and got clear majority.
5. Motilal Nehru was elected into the Central Legislature as the party leader and Chittranjan Das was elected in the Bengal Province.
6. Swarajya Party disapproved the government budgets and proposals and resented the unjust policies of the government.
7. It compelled the government to consider the problems of the people.
8. Due to the working of the Swarajya Party only, government had to appoint the Simon Commission two years earlier.
9. The Swarajya Party functioned in a disciplined manner and established high parliamentary practices.
10. It proved to the British government that Indians can rule constitutionally and democratically.
11. The educated class of India was thus attracted the Swarajya Party.
12. National awareness re-emerged in the people.
13. The party played a crucial role in bringing the achievement of independence very near.
14. All this indicates the importance of the party.
15. With the death of Chittaranjan Das in June 1925, the Swarajya Party became weak.
16. Some members began supporting the government while others established a new party named the National Party.
17. Thus, the prestige of the Swarajya Party reduced.
18. In the election of 1926, all its members lost terribly except in Madras Province.
19. Bipin Chandra Pal and Surendranath Bannerji even criticized the party strongly.

3. Answer the following questions.

Question 1. Who divided Bengal? When and why?
Answer:
Lord Curzon divided the Bengal on 16th October 1905 into East Bengal and West Bengal, in the name of bringing about administrative efficiency.

Question 2. Explain the fierce revolutionary movements in Gujarat.
Answer:
Revolutionary Movement in Gujarat:

1. Sri Aurobindo Ghosh was the pioneer of armed revolution in Gujarat. But he remained behind the curtain.
2. His brother Baarindra Kumar Ghosh remained in the forefront.
3. He arrived in Gujarat and moved towards the southern part. ‘
4. He met Sakaria Swami on the bank of Narmada who was assocaited with Queen of Jhansi.
5. Baarindra Kumar involved some of the middle-class youth from Vadodara, Charotar region, Ahmedabad, Mehsana in the revolution.
6. In this selection, the buggy of Viceroy Minto was bombed outside at Raipur Darwaja in Ahmedabad.
7. Shri Aurobindo Ghosh described the scheme for revolution in his book named ‘Bhavani Mandir’
8. It was also translated into Gujarati and published in the journal ‘Dakshina’.
9. Besides this, booklets with titles like ‘Deshi Vanaspati Davao’, ‘Nahavana Sabu Banavvani Reet’, ‘Kasrat’, ‘Gulab no kisso’, ‘Kayada no Sangrah’ etc. were published in order to spread the through of revolution, so that Britishers won’t understand!
10. These booklets contained methods of preparing bombs.
11. ‘Ganganath Vidyalaya’ was established near Chandod-Kamali, where secret revolutionary activities were carried out.
12. Many Gujarati youth joined these revolutionary activities against whom Stem action was taken by the government.
13. But the fight did not stop and finally government realized that suppression would not help to rale over India.

Question 3. Why did Gandhiji call Rowlatt Act as ‘Black Law’?
Answer:

1. Rowlatt Act was framed with the purpose of suppressing revolutionaries and nationalists.
2. This Act came to be known as ‘Black Act.’
3. As per this Act, any suspicious person could be arrested and jailed without conducting any trial against him.
4. It was meant to suppress individual freedom and freedom of speech. So Gandhiji called it a Black Act.

Question 4. Why was the Non-Cooperation Movement suspended?
Answer:

1. People of Chauri-Chaura village in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh took out the rally.
2. The police opened fire on the people.
3. When they ran short of bullets, people attacked the police station and set on fire in which 21 policemen died.
4. On receiving this horrible news, Gandhiji said, ‘I have committed a Himalayan blunder by giving the tool of Satyagraha in the hands of people who do not understand the value of ‘ non-violence’.
5. He suspended the Movement immediately.

Question 5. Why did the prestige of the Swarajya Party declined?
Answer:
Swarajya Party disapproved the government budgets and proposals and resented the unjust policies of the government.

1. It compelled the government to consider the problems of the people.
2. The Swarajya Party functioned in a disciplined manner and established high parliamentary practices.
3. The Party played a crucial role in bringing the achievement of independence very near.
4. All this indicated the importance of the Party.
5. With the death of Chittaranjan Das in June 1925, the Swarajya Party became weak.
6. Some members began supporting the government while others established a new party named the National Party.
7. Thus, the prestige of the Swarajya Party reduced.

Question 6. Choose the correct option from those given below:
Question 1. By what name is the day of partition of Bengal known as?
A. National Mourning Day
B. Banghbhang Day
C. Independent Day
D. None of the above
Answer:
A. National Mourning Day

Question 2. Which reform gave Muslims, communal electoral constituencies?
A. Mont-Ferd
B. Libert Bill
C. August offer
D. Morley-Minto
Answer:
D. Morley-Minto

Question 3. Who prepared the stage for armed revolution in Gujarat for the first time?
A. Baarindranath Ghosh
B. Chotubhai Purani
C. Ambubhai Purani
D. Arvind Ghosh
Answer:
D. Arvind Ghosh

Question 4. Who hoisted the Indian national flag in the foreign land for the first time?
A. Shyamji Krishna Varma
B. Rana Sardarsingh
C. Madam Bhikaiji Cama
D. Madanlal Dhingra
Answer:
C. Madam Bhikaiji Cama