Movement Towards a New World Class 9 GSEB Solutions Social Science Chapter 3

Gujarat Board Class 9 Social Science Movement Towards a New WorldTextbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following Questions Pointwise:

Question 1. Which circumstances caused the Great Depression (1923-32)?
Answer:

1. When the First World War came to an end the heads of most of the European nations had the belief that post-war problems come to an end. But it proved wrong.
2. Suddenly a large number of shares began to be sold in the ‘wall street’ stock market. This shook the stock market heavily.
3. This event is called the “Wall Street Crisis”
4. This crisis shook the whole world and shattered the economy of various nations.
5. It gave birth to the Great Global Depression of 1923-32.

Question 2. Discuss the factors responsible that caused the World War II?
Answer:
The factors responsible for World War II were as under:

Fierce Nationalism:

1. After the First World War, fierce nationalism developed in Germany, Japan and Italy.
2. Germans could not forget the injustice done to them through the Treaty of Versailles.
3. Adolf Hitler captured some provinces of Austria and Czechoslovakia, following his Nazi philosophy that Germans must get all those provinces where German were staying.
4. Italy could not forget that it was ignored in the Treaty of Versailles.
5. Under the leadership of the Fascist Party, Mussolini started fierce nationalism and adopted imperialist policies.
6. Japan too gave into imperialism.
7. Thus, world peace was in danger.

Groupism:

• After the First World War, France always afraid of Germany.
• It entered into treaty with Belgium, Poland, Romania, and Czechoslovakia.
• Italy signed treaty with Czechoslovakia, Yogoslavia, Romania, Hungary, Greece, Turkey and Austria.
• Russia signed treaty with Germany, Turkey, Lithuania and Iran.
• Italy formed the “Rome-Berlin-Tokyo” Axis Group with support of Germany and Japan.
• England and France formed another group with democratic values.
• Germany signed a non-aggression treaty with Russia.
• Thus, a whole atmosphere of fear spread in the whole world.
• This factor too paved a way for Second World War.

Militarism:

1. After the First World War, on one side the countries were making efforts to maintain peace whereas, on the other side they were competing for expansion and increasing army, airforce and naval strength.
2. European nations were competing for ammunition.
3. War weapons better than the other were being manufactured.
4. Nations like Russia and Germany made military training compulsory for all.
5. In the East, Japan increased its military force.
6. Finally, when even England and France also tried to equip themselves with war weapons, the signal for World War II became quite clear.

Failure of the League of Nations:

1. The League of Nations was formed after the First World War to establish and maintain world peace.
2. The League could not become a supreme organization to control the world and with sovereignty over other, nations of the world.
3. It also did not have its own army to make the nations follow its principles.
4. Nations who were members of the League were neither interested in taking their problems to the League nor they were ready to accept judgment passed by it.
5. Many nations left the League of Nations.
6. Initially, Russia and Germany broke their ties with it.
7. Later, Italy captured Abyssinia, Japan attacked Manchuria and Germany captured some provinces of Czechoslovakia.
8. This way all these three nations namely Italy, Japan and Germany broke the principles of League and hence left it.
9. The League could do nothing to stop these power-hungry countries and so the League of Nations failed.

Treaty of Versailles:

1. Treaty of Versailles was formed after the First World War.
2. Germany was found responsible for war and had to pay 6.5 billion pound as wrar fine.
3. Its Ruhr province was taken away.
4. Rhine river had to open for international sea route.
5. This unfair and humiliating treaty was forcible imposed on Germany.
6. The German dictator Adolf Hitler called the Treaty of Versailles as ‘a piece of- paper’ and announced to reject it.

Imperialistic ambition of Adolf Hitler:

• Hitler laid the foundation of the Second World War.
• He had a fierce nationalist and militarist nature.
• He wished unity, stability and prosperity of Germany at any cost.
• The first victim of his imperialism was Austria.
• Along with German army, he entered Austria on 12th March 1939.
• Thus, Hitler expanded Germany and led to the creation of a Grand German nation.

German attack on Poland-an immediate cause:

1. The above-mentioned causes had made the whole world to sit on a heap on ammunitions.
2. A small spark could blow up the whole world.
3. This spark was German attack on the peaceful Poland on 1st September 1939.
4. Thus, the world was Second broke out.
5. This war spread in the entire world.

Question 3. Write the effects of the World War II.
Answer:
Second World War caused horrible destruction the world:

1. All the nations involved incurred huge expenses.
2. America had spent 350 million dollars and other nations had more than one thousand billion dollars.
3. Property worth the same amount was destroyed.
4. England lost its property worth 2000 crore and Germany unimaginable.
5. These nations had given prime importance to the production of arms and ammunition, that too at the cost of other basic necessities.
6. As a result, there arose a dire scarcity of things for basic needs.
7. Production reduced, inflation increased and people struggled for livelihood. Several industries were also destroyed.
8. People were ruined economically.
9. This led to economic depression in the world.
10. The world economy and politics changed greatly.

Communism in China:

1. Many nations of the world were impressed by the way Russia had made a fast progress with its communist measures with the Bolshevik Revolution.
2. China, was also impressed Japan had become weak after the Second World War.
3. Under these circumstances, its control over China had receded.
4. Taking advantage of this, Mao-Tse-Tung established communist rule in 1949.

The Beginning of Cold War – long term effects:

1. After the World War II, the world again got divided into two groups.
2. One group was led by superpower America and another by Russia.
3. During the war, both these nations were friends.
4. After the war differences of opinion between them went on increasing.
5. Thus, the democratic America and the communist Russia became mutually opposite groups.
6. Other small nations of the world joined these groups according to their convenience.
7. These situations created the atmosphere of Cold War.

2. Answer the following Questions in briefly:

Question 1. Why was the United Nations establish?
Answer:
At the end of the First World War, the League of Nations was formed in order to establish world peace.

• But the League of Nation was failed.
• At the end of the Second World War, on 24th October 1945, the United Nations was established with the purpose of peace, security and co-existence in the world.

Question 2. Explain what the Economic and Social Council, as an organ of the UN, means?
Answer:
This Council is also called “ECOSOC”. The General Assembly appoints of its retiring members for 3 years. This Council tries to raise the standard of living of the nations of the world without any bias of religion, caste, region. This Council and its sub-councils work all over the world.

1. The Economic and Social Council is the principal body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue and recommendations on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as implementation of internationally agreed development goals.
2. It serves as the central mechanism for activities of the UN system and its specialised agencies in the economic, social and environmental fields, supervising subsidiary and expert bodies.
3. It has 54 Members, elected by the General Assembly for overlapping three-year terms. It is the United Nations central platform for reflection, debate, and innovative thinking on sustainable development.

Question 3. Write short noes:
   1. The General Assembly of the UN.
   2. The Security Council of the UN.

Answer:
1. The General Assembly of the UN is the biggest organ of the United Nations:

1. It included the representatives of all members nations.
2. Every nation can send maximum five representatives to this, but during election, only one vote of each country is counted.
3. It can discuss, advice, suggest or recommend on any matter related to international relations.
4. It accepts the budget presented by the Secretary-General every year and allocational relations allocates the expenses.
5. It attempts to find solutions to the economic problems of the national human rights, disarmament or other international matters.
6. Decisions are taken by 2/3 majority in general matters.

2. The Security Council of the UN is the most important organ of the United Nations:

1. It has 15 members, i.e., five permanent and ten non-permanent. The five permanent members are: America, Britain, France, Russia and China.
2. The security council has a presidency, which rotates, and changes, every month.
3. This Council enjoys tremendous powers in order to maintain international peace and security.
4. It solves the problems and disputes of the nations peacefully through negotiations and mediations.
5. When any one permanent members does not vote in support of some important international matter, it cannot take a decision on that.
6. This power of the five permanent members is called ‘Veto’ or ‘Right do deny’.

4. Answer in one sentence:

Question 1. Which treaty was responsible for the World War II?
Answer:
Treaty of Versailles was responsible for the World War II.

Question 2. Who was the German dictator?
Answer:
Adolf Hitler was the German dictator.

Question 3. Name the Italian dictator.
Answer:
Mussolini was the Italian dictator.

Question 4. Give the immediate reason of the World War II.
Answer:
German attacked on the peaceful Poland was the immediate reason of the World War II.

Question 5. Where is the UN headquarter situated?
Answer:
The headquarter of UN was situated in New York.

Question 6. What is Cold War?
Answer:
Situation, where the world got divided into two groups due to their ideology like Democratic-led by America and Communists led by Russia and there existed war like enmity, is known as Cold War.

Question 5.
Choose the correct option from those given below:
Question 1. Who started Nazism in Germany?
A. Hitler
B. Mussolini
C. Lenin
D. None of them
Answer:
A. Hitler

Question 2. Who takes care of improving the health of the people of the world?
A. WHO
B. IMF
C. FAO
D. ILO
Answer:
A. WHO

Question 3. Choose the correct option from those given below.
A. Fascism began in Germany.
B. Mussolini was the German leader.
C. The symbol of the Nazi Party was “a bundle of stick and axe”.
D. Mussolini Established Fascism in Italy.
Answer:
D. Mussolini Established Fascism in Italy.