Social Change Class 10 GSEB Solutions Social Science Chapter 21

Gujarat Board Class 10 Social Science Social Change Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in detail.
Question 1. Which (Juvenile Rights) are included in the Indian Constitution?
Answer:
The United Nations adopted the Charter of Children’s Rights in 1992 for the welfare and development of children. These rights have been included in our Constitution.
These Juvenile Right/Rights of the children are as follows:

Every child has right to live without discrimination on the basis of caste, color, language or nationality.

1. It is the right of the child to get proper upbringing by the parents. A child cannot be separated from the parents without any substantial reason.
2. It is legal right of the child, to get education so that he can develop his personality.
3. Every child has a right to healthy life. The child has a right to live happily by participating in games and entertainment.
4. Every child has a right to conserve his culture and live amongst his religious community.
5. Every child has a right to protest against any physical or mental torture, the use of narcotic drugs, protection from inhuman form of punishment or fine.
6. Every child has a right to obtain security and proper standard of living for its mental, physical and moral development.

Question 2. Describe the problems of elderly people and provisions made for their protection and welfare.
Answer:
The problems of elderly people are universal. In India the number of elderly people has increased due to the increase in the expectancy of life. This has led to the following social and physical problems:

1. Children are forgetting their moral responsibilities, values and culture due to the influence of the western culture.
2. The joint families have been replaced by the nuclear families.
3. Many elderly people are compelled to live in ‘Old Age Homes’.
4. As most elderly people have retired from their professions, they have very little or no income. They are helpless people who depend on their children for the fulfillment of their basic needs.
5. Their physical and emotional needs are neglected. They feel neglected and insecure.

Provisions made for protection and welfare of elderly:
Attention was drawn to the problems of the elderly people. The Government of India has adopted the National Policy for the Senior Citizens. The following provisions have been made for the protection and welfare of the elderly people as well as senior citizens.

1. The National Policy has provided pension to elderly people.
2. Higher interest rate is prescribed on their savings with the Post Offices and Banks.
3. They are given 30 to 50 percent concession on buses, rail and air tickets.
4. The state governments have started ‘Old Age Homes’ in every district with adequate facilities.
5. A number of seats in the public transport are reserved for them.
6. Gardens have been developed in cities wherein they can leisurely sit/walk and participate in Music and Yoga activities with the other elderly people.
7. Parental Care and Welfare Act, 2007 protects them from domestic violence, exploitation an abuse. Any harassment by children is a cognizable offence.
8. The responsibility of maintaining parents is imposed on their children/ relatives.
9. The government honours the senior citizens for their contribution in the making of the nation.

Question 3. Explain the objectives of right to information and explain the process of obtaining information.
Answer:
The Right to Information Act was enacted by the Government of India on 15th June, 2005.
Its objectives are as follows:

1. To ensure transparent, clean and simple administration operations.
2. To seek co-operation of people to bring about transparency in administration.
3. To enable people to seek information/ proper reply about their pending work.
4. To seek information about various schemes and related aspects.

The process for obtaining information is as follows:

The applicant has to pay a fixed fee of ₹20/- in cash/postal order/ pay order/- affixing non-judicial stamp along with the application. The BPL families have been exempted from the payment of fee. The application may be handwritten or typed and signed by the applicant.

This can be also e-mailed to the concerned department. Applicant has to pay charges per page for the copy of document. Applications are received by the Assistant Public Information Officer (APIO) who issues receipt/acknowledgment after putting serial – ID number on the application.

ID number has to be mentioned in the subsequent correspondence. The APIO is required to give reply within 30 days from the date of receiving application. The APIO may refuse to give information on the specified matters such as those related with national security. In case the APIO does not furnish information within 30 days, the applicant can approach Public Information Officer (PIO) with 30 days of rejection.

For the appeal, the applicants are not required to pay any fees. In case the information does not come, the applicant can make an appeal to the Chief Information Officer of the state within 90 days.

Question 4. State the main seven promotions for right to free and compulsory education.
Answer:
The 86th Constitutional Amendment Act was enacted by the Parliament in 2009. According to this Act, primary education has been made free and compulsory for all children in the age group of 6 to 14 years.children in the age group of 6 to 14 years.

The main provisions of the Act are as follows:

1. Every child in the age group 6 to 14 years should get admission in a school close to his/her locality. Admission cannot be refused for the failure to provide the proof of age, i.e. birth certificate.
2. The age of admission should be 6 years. In case the parents are not able to provide the proof of age, an age-related affidavit by the parents should suffice.
3. There shall be no discrimination made in the admission.
4. Any type of fees, such as donation, deposits or capitation fee shall not be taken for admission.
5. The practice of taking interview of child and/or parents at the time of admission should be discontinued. Income of parents, their educational qualification and capabilities shall not be taken into consideration while giving admission.
6. A child having attained 14 years of age but unable to complete primary education should be imparted free education to enable him/her to complete primary education.
7. The pre-primary education to children in the age groups of 3 to 5 years, have been brought within the purview of law. Rules have been framed for special training for pre-primary teachers.
8. 25% seats in the first standards in the government recognized primary schools have been reserved for the children from the BPL families.
9. School teachers are not allowed to take private tuitions.
10. The under-qualified teachers are required to improve their qualification within five years from the date of appointment.
11. Any child who has not completed primary education cannot be terminated from school until being transferred.
12. The fees of the SC/ST students in the private schools shall be paid by the government.
13. To ensure the compliance of these provisions, a scheduled management, tribunal or state council shall be formed. The Director of the Education shall have power to levy line or terminate recognition of the school for non-compliance of the provision of the Act.

Question 5. Discuss in various provisions related to framework for foodgrain distribution and public distribution system the National Food Security Act.
Answer:
The Union Parliament enacted the National Food Security Act in 2013 to provide the right to Food Security to means that “every person gets nutritious food for remaining active and living healthy life”.

The objectives of the National Food Security Act are as follows:

1. To satisfy the food requirement of the increasing population of the country by ensuring adequate quality and quantity of the food and to supply the same at a concessional rate.
2. To curb malnutrition by giving encouragement to increase the production of the nutritious food.
3. To provide food security to the Antyodaya and the BPL families.
4. To provide food nutritious food the pregnant and feeding women.
5. To make the Public Distribution System (PDS) efficient, transparent and simple.

The provisions of the Act are as follows:

1. To provide foodgrains to the needy and poor families in the urban and the rural areas at a concessional rate.
2. These families will be provided food grains and subsidized price as under:
   • Rice 3 ₹ per kg.
   • Wheat 2 rupees per kg
   • Coarse grains 1₹ rupee per kg.
3. They will be also supplied sugar, iodized salt, kerosene and edible oil at a subsidized rate.
4. These foodgrains will be supplied in fixed quantity of 5 kg per person per month.
5. The government would pay an allowance of ₹ 6000 to pregnant women.
6. Food security allowance will be paid to beneficiary in case they decide not to purchase foodgrains.
7. 35 kg foodgrains per month will be supplied free to the Antoyodaya and the BPL families.
8. The state government will prepare the list of those families which will receive the benefits on priority. The same will be updated and displayed in public places and website.
9. Biometric identity cards will be issued to the beneficiaries along with ration card.
10. A mechanism to deal with the complaints will be set up by the state government, Nodal Officers will deal with the complaints.
11. The State Food Commission will be set up and Food Commissioner will be appointed to implement the scheme.

II. Answer the following questions point-wise:
Question 1. Explain the main factors responsible for social change.
Answer:
The process of changes taking place in social structure, social institutions social values and the functions of the society is described as social change. Social changes are visible in social relations, family affairs, matrimonial arrangement, values and lifestyle of people as well as in the fine arts. Westernization globalization and urbanization are the main factors responsible for social change. The impact of materialistic culture, means of luxury, modem equipment is visible even in the rural areas.

The changes have taken place in such physical things as the houses of people and their standard of living. The western impact is more visible in the lifestyle of the people in the urban areas.

Question 2. Why it is necessary to have general knowledge about the laws?
Answer:
It is necessary for the common people to have general knowledge about the laws for the following reasons:

1. It will prevent them from committing crime and undergoing punishment for having committed crime. (Lack of knowledge of laws is not an excuse to break the laws.)
2. They will become aware of the exploitative practices and seek guidance to stop their exploitation.
3. They will be able to enjoy the rights conferred on them by the constitution.
4. They will become aware of the legal protection available to them.
5. Their loyalty towards the society, state and nation will enchans.
6. They will be able to perform their fundamental duties and contribute to the society.
7. People can live with self-respect when they have knowledge of laws.

Question 3. Explain “Child development is a pre-condition for economic development”.
Answer:
Child development and child welfare is a pre-condition of social development because,

1. The progress of any nation depends on the overall development of the children.
2. When children are protected, looked after and educated, they will become good citizens and will contribute to the well-being of the family progress of society and development of the nation.
3. Children are the property of the nation. Their upbringing and development needs proper care by the family and society for the future, of the nation.

Question 4. Write about the government efforts to curb corruption.
Answer:
1. Central Anti-Corruption Bureau was established in 1964. It undertakes investigation against the government officials who are found guilty of corruption charges. It has offices in all principal cities. Its Gujarat office is in Shahibaug, Ahmedabad.
2. Anti-Corruption Act was enacted by the Union Parliament in 1988, with the objective of providing transparent public life and to prevent misuse of power and authority by the government officials. If made it obligatory for the politicians (Ministers) and high officials to declare their assents as a punishable offense and empowered the government to confiscate these assets.
3. Right to Information and Citizen’s Charter were the steps taken in 2005 to curb corruption. Citizen’s Charter stipulates the time limit to complete the work. The Right to Information had the objective to bring transparency in the working of the government by giving right to the people to demand information.
4. Black Money Act, 2005 regarded corruption as a criminal offence.
5. Central Vigilance Commission and Gujarat Vigilance Commission undertake departmental inquiry of charges of corruption and misuse of power by the government officials.
6. The other legal provisions are:

• Foreign Exchange Management Act
• Money Laundering Act
• Section 132 Customs Act, and
• Appointment of Lok Pal and Lokayukta.

Question 5. Describe the objectives of the Food Safety Bill.
Answer:
The Union Parliament enacted the National Food Security Act in 2013 to provide the right to Food Security to eh citizens. Food Security means that “every person gets nutritious food for remaining active and living healthy life.”

The objectives of the National Food Security Act are as follows:

1. To satisfy the food requirement of the increasing population of the country by ensuring adequate quality and quantity of the food and to supply the same at a concessional rate.
2. To curb malnutrition by giving encouragement to increase the production of the nutritious food.
3. To provide food security to the Antyodaya and the BPL families.
4. To provide nutritious food the pregnant and feeding women.
5. To make the Public Distribution System (PDS) efficient, transparent and simple.

II. Answer the following questions briefly.
Question 1. Why is child labour very much in demand?
Answer:
Child labour is very much in demand due to the following reasons:

1. Child labour is much cheaper in comparison to adult labour. The employers are able to extract more work and give less wages to the child labourers.
2. Child labour is unorganized and cannot protest against exploitation.
3. Child labour is available in plenty owing to the poverty.
4. Illiterate and poor parents in the rural areas send their children to work to fulfill the family needs.

Question 2. Mention the Fundamental Rights of the citizens.
Answer:
The Constitution of India has conferred the following Fundamental Rights on the citizens:

1. Right to Equality
2. Right to Freedom
3. Right Against Exploitation
4. Right to Freedom of Religion
5. Cultural and Educational Rights and
6. Right to Constitutional Remedies.

[The Right to Property, a fundamental right earlier, was withdrawn by the 44th Constitutional Amendment Act in 1978. It is only a civil right since 1978.]

Question 3. Describe the various forms of child labour.
Answer:
Despite legal provisions, children are employed in hazardous environments such as manufacture of fire crakers kiln.

They are employed in factories and at construction sites. They are employed in shops, hotels, dhabas and tea-stalls. They are employed in agricultural sector, animal husbandry and fishery, and to pick-up plastic and debris, pulling carts and in garages. They are employed as domestic helpers and in distribution of newspapers, etc.

Question 4. “Corruption is one of the causes of price rise”. Give reason.
Answer:
Corruption generates black money. It increases the purchasing power of corrupt people. They spend lavishly on luxury goods. Thereby the supply of money increases. The corrupt lend their funds to the traders who create artificial shortage of essential commodities. The corrupt indulge in speculative trading activities. All these activities create imbalance between demand and supply in the market and contribute to price rise.

Question 5. Mention the important Provision of ‘Maa Annapurna Yojana’.
Answer:
The National Food Security Act is implemented in Gujarat under the name of ‘Maa Annapurna Yojana’. The main provisions of ‘Maa Annapurna Yojana’ are as follows:

1. To supply food grains to the needy middle-class families in the urban and rural areas at a subsidized rate.
2. To provide 35 kg foodgrains free to the Antyodaya and BPL families.
3. Under the PDS, the needy middle-class families will be supplied 5 kg grains per person per month at the subsidized rate of rice 3 rupees per kg, wheat 2 rupees per kg and the coarse grains 1 rupee per kg. There are 3.62 crore beneficiaries of ‘Maa Annapurna Yojana’ in Gujarat.

IV. Choose the correct answer of the and write it:
Question 1.Which is the main factor responsible for social change in India?
(a) Conservative traditions
(b) Public opinion
(c) Westernization
(d) Literacy
Answer:
(d) Literacy

Question 2.
Who declared manifesto of human rights?
(a) Great Britain
(b) United Nation
(c) UNICEF
(d) World Bank
Answer:
(b) United Nation

Question 3. When is ‘World Elderly People Day celebrated?
(a) 8th March
(b) 1st October
(c) 1st April
(d) 15th June
Answer:
(b) 1st October

Question 4. Which of the following informations may be refused to the given?
(a) Election Commission
(b) Government Schemes
(c) Judgment
(d) Matter related to sovereignty
Answer:
(d) Matter related to sovereignty

Question 5. Which things are forbidden in the law related to free education?
(a) Admission without birth certificate
(b) Facility of special training
(c) Admission without entrance test
(d) Capitation fee at time of admission
Answer:
(d) Capitation fee at time of admission

Question 6. Which new aspects have been implemented to strengthen public distribution system?
(a) Barcoded Ration Card
(b) ATM Card
(c) Bio-metric Identity
(d) Election Identity Card
Answer:
(c) Bio-metric Identity