Hello,Welcome to StudentBro.
Hello,Welcome to StudentBro.
Hello,Welcome to StudentBro.
I. Answer the following questions in details.
Question 1. Where are sugar factories located? Why?
Answer:
Sugar is obtained from sugarcane. It is necessary to extract the juice of sugarcane within 24 hours of reaping. If it is not done, the water level of the sugar can decreases. If the water level of sugarcane reduces, i.e., sugarcane dehydrates, it will give lesser sugar. Hence, the sugar factories are located near sugarcane growing centres.
Question 2. Write a note on the iron and steel industry of India.
Answer:
Iron is one of the most important mineral of the modern world. So, iron and steel industry is the base of modem industries and economic development. It also falls in the category of basic industries on which machines, construction and other such industries develop. The process of making iron is very old in India.
In olden time, people of Damasca used to buy iron from India to make swords. Today, India ranks fifth in the world in iron and steel production. The first factory in India to produce iron was established at Portonovo in Tamil Nadu.
However, it was closed due to some reasons. In 1874, India’s first blast furnace was established at Kulti in West Bengal for making iron ore. In 1907, Jamshedji Tata started Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) at Jamshedpur for large scale production of iron and steel.
Then large scale factories for iron and steel were also established at Bumper and Durgapur in West Bengal, Bhadravati in Karnataka, Bhilai, Rourkela, Bokaro, Vishakhapatnam and Salem. A mini steel plant has been found near Hajira in Gujarat. Iron ore, coal, limestone and manganese are used as raw material for producing iron and steel. The administration of all iron and steel factories except that of Tata is done by ‘Steel Authority of India Limited’ (SAIL).
Question 3. Write short note on the importance of industries.
Answer:
The process in which man can change the natural resources into usable conditions according to his intellectual, cultural and economic capacity is called industry. Importance of Industries: In today’s time, the existence of nations largely depends on industries’. It is impossible for a nation to achieve economic development without developing its industries. The countries that have focused more on their industrial development have achieved high economic growth.
Countries like US, Russia, Japan, South Korea, etc. are prosperous and developed due to their high industrial development. On the other hand, countries, where the industries are either not developed or are less developed, are not able to utilize their natural resources properly and fully.
As a result they have to sell their natural resources at a cheaper price and purchase goods made from the same raw material from foreign countries at a higher price. In this, manufacturing industries contribute about 29% of the national production.
Question 4. Write a short note on cotton textile industry of Indian
Answer:
The cotton textile industry plays a very important role in India’s economy. Among all the industries, this industry employs maximum people in India which is about 3.5 crore people. India holds second rank after China in the export of cotton textile. Thus, cotton textile is the main industry from employment as well as production point of view. In the initial years, the cotton textile mills were mainly established in Mumbai and Ahmedabad.
India’s first cotton mill was started in Mumbai. Then, Shahpur Mills and Calico Mills were established in Ahmedabad in Gujarat. Cheap cotton, availability of labour, transport facilities, ports for export and favourable markets were among the chief reasons for the establishment of these industries. Today, cotton textile mills have spread across the country. They are now located in about 100 cities of India.
However, the main centres are Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Bhiwandi, Sholapur, Kolhapur, Nagpur, Indore and Ujjain. A very large number of cotton mills exist in Mumbai and so it is also called as Cottonpolis of India. Cotton textile is also present at other cities of Maharashtra such as Pune, Kolhapur, Aurangabad, Jalgaon, etc. There are a very large number of cotton textile industries in Ahmedabad.
So, it is called as ‘Manchester of the East’ and also ‘Denim City of India’. Cities like Vadodara, Kalol, Bharuch, Surat, Porbandar, Bhavnagar, Rajkot etc. also have a good number of textile units. Coimbatore is the main centre of Tamil Nadu, Chennai and Madurai cities are other important centres of textile in Tamil Nadu.
Kanpur, Itawah, Agra, Lucknow, etc are main centres of cotton textile in Uttar Pradesh. Indore, Gwalior, Ujjain and Devas are main centres in Madhya Pradesh. In West Bengal Kolkata, Howrah, Murshidabad are major centres of cotton textile. Cotton textile industry is also present in Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana. As can be seen the cotton industry is not concentrated at specific states but is spread across India. Reason for this includes huge Indian market and well-established infrastructure such as transport, banks, electricity, etc.
Today, India’s cotton textile industry has grown so much that it exports cloth to Russia, United Kingdom, United States of America, Sudan, Nepal, Australia, France and South African countries. The downside of this industry is that it is facing a tough competition due to the factors like inadequate supply of best variety of cotton, use of old machinery, irregular electric supply, competition from artificial fibre cloth and competition given by global brands.
II. Write to the point answer of the following questions.
Question 1. Mention the steps to curb environmental degradation.
Answer:
Steps to curb environmental degradation: Industries are the pillars of national economy. They should be developed to solve several problems of the country. The country should develop the industries in such a way that industrial progress and development does not cause much harm to the environment.
The amount of pollution and quality of pollution can be reduced with proper planning, methods and equipment. Pollution can be also reduced by using correct raw material and fuel. The air pollution can be controlled by using filter, scrubber, precipitators, etc. in the factories. The water pollution can be prevented by releasing industrial effluents only after properly treating them. Moreover, industrial water can be purified after treatment and re-used.
Question 2. Describe the classification of industries.
Answer:
Industries can be divided on the basis of:
(A) Human labour
(B) Ownership
(C) Sources of raw material
(A) Human labour: On the basis of human labour, the industries can be divided as ‘Small Scale’ industries and Targe Scale’ industries.
(i) Large Scale Industry: An Industry which employs a very large number of people is known as large scale industry. For example, cotton textile industry.
(ii) Small Scale Industry: Industry which is generally owned by individual and which employs very less people is known as small scale industry. For example, readymade garment unit, dairy industry, etc.
(B) Ownership: Industries can be private, public, collaborative and cooperative.
(C) Sources of raw material: On the basis of the source of the raw material, the industries can be classified into
III. Write answer to the following questions in brief.
Question 1. How many shipbuilding centres are there in India? Which are they?
Answer:
There are five major shipbuilding centres in India. Public sector shipbuilding industries at Vishakhapatnam, Kolkata, Kochi, Mumbai and Marmagao produce modern ships. Out of these, Kochi and Vishakhapatnam build large size ships.
Question 2. Which raw material is needed for manufacturing cement.
Answer:
Limestone, coal, gypsum, bauxite, clay, etc. are the raw material used for making cement.
Question 3. Where are the centres of chemical industry located in Gujarat?
Answer:
Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Ankleshwar, Bharuch etc. are major centres of chemical industry in Gujarat.
Question 4. State four centres of paper industry in India.
Answer:
Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Odisha, Karnataka, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, etc. are major centres of paper industry in India.
IV. Select the correct option of the following questions.
Question 1. Which of the following cities is called cotton polos of India for cotton textiles?
(a) Indore
(b) Mumbai
(c) Ahmedabad
(d) Nagpur
Answer:
(b) Mumbai
Question 2. Which place does India hold in the export of jute in the world?
(a) Second
(b) First
(c) Third
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Second
Question 3. Which Indian city is well-known as ‘Silicon Valley’ of India?
(a) Delhi
(b) Bengaluru
(c) Jaipur
(d) Nagpur
Answer:
(b) Bengaluru
Question 4. Where is the mini steel plant located in Gujarat?
(a) Kandla
(b) Okha
(c) Dwarka
(d) Hajira
Answer:
(d) Hajira
Question 5. Which of the following pairs is false?
(a) Bengal-Kulti
(b) Jharkhand-Jamshedpur
(c) Kamtataka-Bhadravati
(d) Andhra Pradesh-Bumpur
Answer:
(d) Andhra Pradesh-Bumpur