India: Water Resources Class 10 GSEB Solutions Social Science Chapter 11

Gujarat Board Class 10 Social Science India: Water Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following question in detail.
Question 1. State the remedies to conserve the water.
Answer:
One should be use water economically for gardens, vehicles, in toilets and washbasins. Public awareness should be created for using water judiciously and managing water usage skillfully. Water should be recycled as much as possible.

Steps should be taken to save the reservoirs from getting polluted. Water harvesting should be increased with all possible resources like wells, tube-wells, khet talavadi, etc. A close eye is necessary on uses of groundwater in different regions. Water storage units such as tanks should be well maintained. Any damage in the pipeline should be immediately repaired. Co-operation of general public should be taken for the development and management of water resources of a region:

1. Construct more reservoirs for storing water.
2. Connect basins of rivers with each other to bring the groundwater at higher level.
3. Maximize watershed development.

Question 2. Describe the circumstances creating water crisis in India.
Answer:
Water is an invaluable natural resource. Today, there is a severe crisis of water all over the world. Constant rise in population, demand to grow more food grains and cash crops for rising population, increasing urbanization, changing lifestyle industrialization, etc. are some of the major causes that has led to water crisis.

The current situation of water supply and the inequality, as well as inefficiency in its distribution, poses severe problems for livelihood of human beings and economic development. Water crisis is a very serious problem in arid regions of Western Rajasthan and the interior area of southern peninsular plateau. We need pure potable water for our survival. But, the quality of water has deteriorated at many places. This results in several water-borne diseases.

Although the government puts hard efforts to increases the facility of potable water, there exists a large difference between the demand of water and its supply. About 8% of Indian towns face severe shortage of drinking water. About 50% of our village still does not get pure drinking water. Same is the case for water crisis in irrigation. Although, we have made very good progress in our irrigational facilities as 2/3^rd area under agriculture still depends on rainwater.

Question 3. Give Information about rainwater harvesting.
Answer:
Rainwater harvesting is a technique for conservation of. water. It is done to increase the groundwater. For rainwater harvesting, special methods are used to collect rainwater in wells, small dams, ponds, khet talavadi (farm ponds), etc. This raises the groundwater level. This water is then used for domestic use and agriculture.

Main Objectives of rainwater harvesting:

1. To increase the capacity to conserve the groundwater and increase the underground water table.
2. Reduce water pollution.
3. Improve the quality of groundwater.
4. To save the land routes from waterlogging.
5. Fulfil the requirement of domestic water requirements during summer and during long diy spells.
6. Fulfil the increasing demand of water.
7. Make arrangement to store rainwater in underground tanks in multistorey residences in large cities or to make arrangement so that the water percolates in the ground.

II. Write to the point answer of the following questions.
Question 1. State the importance of multi-purpose projects.
Answer:
Multi-purpose projects help India is solve various problems associated with river valleys. These problems includes flood control, prevention of soil erosion, water for drinking and irrigation, industries, water provided to settlements, electricity generation, internal water transportation, entertainment, wildlife projection, development of fishery, etc.

Question 2. Write about the distribution of irrigation.
Answer:
After the Independence, India’s area under irrigation has increased four times. Coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh, delta regions of Godavari and Krishna rivers, Mahanadi delta in Odisha, Kaveri delta in Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh, etc. are regions which are intensively irrigated. In India, the area under irrigation and irrigation facilities greatly vary from state to state. Today, about 38% of net sown area is under irrigation.

Out of the total sown area of Mizoram, only 7.34% area is under irrigation whereas in case of Punjab it is 90.8%. A vast difference lies between the total area under irrigation in respect to the total sown area sown. It is worth mentioning that more than 40% area of the total area sown in under irrigation in Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Tamil Nadu and Manipur.

III. Write answers for the following questions in brief.
Question 1. State the uses of groundwater.
Answer:
The groundwater is used as potable water, for household works and in agriculture.

Question 2. Which factors should be considered for water management?
Answer:
Following factors should be considered for water management:

1. One should use water economically for gardens, vehicles, in toilets and washbasins.
2. Public awareness should be created for using water judiciously and managing water usage skillfully.
3. Water should be recycled as much as possible.
4. Steps should be taken to save the reservoirs from getting polluted.
5. Water harvesting should be increased with all possible resources like wells, tube wells, khet talavadi, etc.
6. A close eye should be necessary on uses of groundwater in different regions.
7. Water storage units such as tanks should be well maintained.
8. Any damage in the pipeline should be immediately repaired.
9. Co-operation of general public should be taken for the development and management of water resources of a region.
10. Construct more reservoirs for storing water.
11. Connect basins of rivers with each other to bring the groundwater at higher level.
12. Maximize watershed development.

IV. Select the correct option from the options given for the following questions and write answer. 
Question 1. Which is the main source of surface water?
(a) Rainfall
(b) Ponds
(c) Rivers
(d) Lakes
Answer:
(a) Rainfall

Question 3. Which of the following statements in not true?
(a) Compared to canals, the irrigation through wells and tube wells is more in India.
(b) Himalaya rivers are called seasonal rivers.
(c) Water which is soaked from the surface into the ground in called groundwater.
(d) Punjab and Haryana are leading states in irrigation.
Answer:
(b) Himalaya rivers are called seasonal rivers.

Question 4. Which statement regarding ‘Khet Talavadi’ presented in the classroom during the student’s debate is true?
(a) Jay: It is an important source to obtain drinking water.
(b) Yash: It is an important part of ‘Grow more trees’ movement.
(c) Yug: It is modem technique to prevent soil erosion.
(d) Daksh: It is part of rainwater harvesting.
Answer:
(d) Daksh: It is part of rainwater harvesting.

Question 5. After arranging the following multipurpose projects from North to South which option seems to be correct?
(a) Chambal Valley, Bhakra Nangal, Narmada Valley, Nagaijunasagar
(b) Bhakra Nangal, Nagarjunsagar Narmada Valley, Chambal Valley
(c) Nagaijunasagar, Chambal Valley, Narmada Valley, Nagaijunasagar
(d) Bhakra Nangal, Chambal Valley, Narmada Valley, Nagaijunasagar
Answer:
(d) Bhakra Nangal, Chambal Valley, Narmada Valley, Nagaijunasagar