Cultural Heritage of India: Traditional Handicraft and Fine Arts Class 10 GSEB Solutions Social Science Chapter 2

Gujarat Board Class 10 Social Science Cultural Heritage of India: Traditional Handicraft and Fine Arts Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in detail. 
Question 1. Explain clay work of ancient Indian heritage.
Answer:
There has been a close relation between man and clay since ancient time. The use of clay was so much in that period that whole life Of a person revolved around clay. Since, metal was not invented almost everything was made of clay. Potter’s wheel served as the key equipment for making things out of clay. Potters used to make toys, pots, pitchers, earthen lamps, clay stoves (chulhas), etc. Clay was also used in making utensils to store grains, milk, curd and buttermilk. Most of the kitchen wares were made up of clay.

Mixture of clay and cow-dung was also used to plaster the walls of the houses and making kubans (huts). Evidence of red coloured clay utensils of ancient period has been found in Lothal, Mohen-jodaro and Harappa. We can also see use of clay items like pots for storing water and ‘garba’ (pitcher) having holes containing earthen lamp inside) in Navratri. Ancient India was quite well-known for producing utensils of unbaked and baked clay i.e. terracotta. Evidence of ancient handmade terracotta utensils were found at Nagaijuna kaunda in South India and Laghnaj in Mehsana district. Thus, India’s clay work is extremely ancient and still practised widely.

Question 2. Leather work is a very old art of India. Explain.
Answer:
Ancient India made use of the dead animal skin to make various products. When the animal died, its skin was processed in a traditional manner and converted into leather which was then used to make several useful products. Initially, leather was mainly used for making ‘masak’ and ‘kos’. Later, it was also used in making musical instruments like drum, dholak and table, etc. It was also used in making footwear, leather belts to tie animals and to make shields used for wars. Saaj, palan, lagaam and whip, etc. for animals like horses and camels were also made for leather. Hence, we can say that leather had a prominent place in ancient Indian Art.

Question 3. Give introduction of Sangeet Ratnaka?.
Answer:
Pandit Sarangdev of Daulatabad (Devgiri) wrote Sangeet Ratnakar. He was quite familiar with the music of south and north India. Pandit Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande considers Sangeet Ratnakar as the most authentic book on music. It is considered to be the finest text for understanding music.

Question 4. Give information about Kathakali dance.
Answer:
Kathakali is believed to be originated in Kerala and is very famous dance there. In Malayalam language, the word ‘katha’ means story and ‘Kali’ means play. So, Kathakali is a form of narrating story while performing (playing) dance. The word Kathakali has been derived from the dramas based on ancient epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata composed in Sanskrit and Malayalam languages.

Males perform this dance. They wear beautiful plaited attires and artistic crowns. They show various facial expressions and the audience understands the characters that the dancers are playing. In this dance, the stage is lit only with an earthen lamp. So, the dancers come near the lamp and show various expressions. So that people can see their movements and recognize the characters they are playing.

Poet Shri Vallathod (founder, Kalamandal Kathakali) of Kerala, Kalamandalam, Krishnprasad and Shivaraman, etc. have earned great national and international fame in Kathakali dance.

II. Write answers of the following questions point-wise.
Question 1. Explain the progress of Dancing art of India?
Answer:
Dance in India exists since ancient time. Various dance forms exists in India. A few of the classical dances are discussed below:
(1) Bharatnatyam:
‘Natyashastra’ by Bharatmuni and ‘Abhinav Darpan’ by Nadikeshwar are . two books which are considered to be the original source of Bharatnatyam.

(2) Kuchipudi:

• This dance form dance originated in 15th century. It is quite famous in Andhra Pradesh.
• This dance is majorly based on describing women’s beauty.
• Guru Prahlad Sharma, Raja Reddy, Shobha Naidu, etc. are some of the well- known dancers who have preserved this ancient dance.

(3) Kathakali: (Refer to previous questions number 4).

(4) Kathak:

• Kathak originated in northern India.
• It is developed by ‘Shrungar Bhakti’ done by the Vaishnav community of north India.
• This style of dance has been kept alive by Pandit Shrit Biiju Maharaj, Sitara Devi, Kumudini Lakhia, etc.

(5) Manipuri dance:

• Manipuri dance originated from Manipur in east India.
• This dance style is mainly based on Ras Leela and Bal Leela of Shri Krishna.
• Manipuri dance is divided into two types, i.e., Lasya and Tandav.
• Guru Amobisingh, Atombosingh, Guru Bipin Sinha, Nayna Zaveri, Nirmal Mehta, etc. have gained worldwide fame in Manipuri dance.
• People of various states perform these dances on various occasions. They have taken these dances from to international levels.

Question 2. Give information about Garba and Garbi of Gujarat.
Answer:
Garba:

• The word Garba is derived from the word ‘Garbh deep’ i.e. Garbh lamp.
• In this form of dance, the dancers keep an earthen lamp in a holed earthen pot. They keep the pot on their heads and dance by moving around in circle.
• People of entire Gujarat dance on the tunes of Garba during Navratri which is a festival of nine days.
• Navratri as per Hindu calendar is celebrated between ‘Aso Sud Ekam to Aso Sud Navmi or at times upto Dasam’. People also perform this dance during Sharad Pumima.
• Gujarati people perform and sing garba to worship and pray Adhya Shakti (Goddess of Power) mother Jagdamba).
• Generally, people perform Garba in the open ground encircling ‘mataji’s mandvi’. The dancers strike hands and dance on the beats of drums and dhols.
• Gujarati poetry known as Garba and Garbi are basically associated with Krishna-bhakti.
• Gujarati poet Dayaram write several poems based on ‘Radha-Krishna’ love.
• The female singers of Gujarat are mesmerized with these poems and they sing them during Garbas.

Question 3. Describe the art of Diamond, Bead Work and Enamel work of India and Gujarat.
Answer:
India has 7516.6 km long coastline surrounding three directions i.e. east, west and south. As a result, diamonds and beads Eire avaiilable in plenty.

• India has been fond of using gems Emd diamonds since Eincient times.
• Diamond studded ornaments were in a great demand even in foreign countries.
• So, India traded gems and beads with various countries through the sea route via its long coastline.
• Owing to both domestic and international demands, India’s diamond and bead industry flourished extensively.
• India was home to some of the biggest and rarest diamonds including the world famous ‘Kohinoor’ and ‘Great Mughal’.
• Since the diamonds, beads Eind rare stones were very costly, so mainly Kings, rulers or rich class people used them. These people wore jewellery made of gold studded with beads and diamonds.
• Diamonds, rubies, beads, emerald Emd -topaz were used to beautify the thrones and crowns.
• Gujarat is quite famous for beadwork.
• Beautiful bead torans, necklace, pacchit, kalash (pots), bari (window grills-frames) ‘chakda’ (a traditional wall piece), (Lagna na nariyel) decorative coconut used at the time of ceremonies ‘Indhoni’, Modiya’ (a net which covers the mouth of a bullock, horns) hand fans, EmimEil back covers (Jhool), etc.

Enamel work:

• The artistic skill of inlaying bright colours like red, green and blue in the gold-silver ornaments like rings, bangles, earrings, key chains, chains, etc. is known as Enamel work.
• India is the only country in the world where expertise can be seen in the enamel work, apart from the gold and silver work.
• Expert artisans of enamel work are found abundantly in Jaipur, Delhi, Lucknow, Varanasi Emd Hyderabad.

Question 4. Describe the tribal dance of Gujarat.
Answer:
Tribal Dance of Gujarat: People of tribal areas arid communities perform tribal dEmce during festivals, marriages, fairs and to please the God- Goddesses.

• They dance in circle form mostly on the tunes of various traditional musical instruments like drum, traditional mEmjira, dholak and songs of regional languages.
• In a tribal dance form ‘Chado’, the dancers imitate different birds like peacock, squirrel Emd sparrow.
• We can see this ‘Chado’ form of dance in Dang area of Gujarat. ‘Mali No Chado’ End ‘ThEtkryo Chado’ are two such dance forms seen in Dang.
• The labourers of Bhil and Koli communities perform a form of dance called ‘Tippsmi dance’.
• In this dance, the dancers dance in a group oh the set of thick sticks which are joined with small sticks. They then strike this sticks to the floor and dance.

III. Answers of the following questions in brief.
Question 1. Name the writers of’Sangeet Ratnakar’ and ‘Sangeet Parijat’.
Answer:
Sangeet Ratnakar: Pandit Sarangdev of Daulatabad (Devgiri) wrote Sangeet Ratnakar. He was quite familiar with the music of south and north India.

Sangeet Parijat: Pandit Ahobale wrote Sangeet Parijat in 1665. It is based on Northern Hindustani music. It is considered a very important book on music.

Question 2. What is theprocessfoUowedin spinning?
Answer:
The art of making long threads using small cotton pieces from cotton balls (swab) and joining them together is called art of spinning.

Question 3. Name the items of metal prepared by artisans ofLothal.
Answer:
The artisans of Lothal made different weapons like sickles, drills, (curved saws) and needles, etc. with copper and bronze. They also used to make utensils, idols and pots.

Question 4. Which design did artisans make on clay utensils?
Answer:
The artisans of Harappa age used to draw geometrical designs and sketches on clay utensils.

Question 5. Write a short note on ‘Bhavai’.
Answer:
Bhavai is a popular folk drama form of western India, especially in Gujarat. This art was started 700 years ago by Asait Thakar. This art promoted during Solanki era. It was mainly performed without using curtains, with light humour and with the music being played on a trumpet. Characters disguised in the form of Ramdev, Jhanda, Jhulan, Kajoda, etc. are the main features of Bhavai.

Bhavai is an affordable means of educating while entertaining people on various areas. It mainly focuses on the social evils. The characters like Rangla-Rangli are used to promote the ” programme like girls” education, save the girl-child, etc. Performers of Bhavai play trumpet and pray to the Goddess by reciting hymns.

IV. Answer the following questions choosing the correct option from those given below:
Question 1. Which of the following is a work of Kalidas?
(a) Unrubhanga
(b) Kamabhakar
(c) Meghdoot
(d) Dutvakyam
Answer:
(c) Meghdoot

Question 2. With which dances styles are Vyjayanthimala and Hema Malini associated?
(a) Manipuri
(b) Kuchipudi
(c) Kathakali
(d) Bharatnatyam
Answer:
(d) Dutvakyam

Question 3. Which veda is associated with music?
(a) Rigveda
(b) Samveda
(c) Yajurveda
(d) Atharvaveda
Answer:
(b) Samveda

Question 4. Who is known as a Turi-e-Hind in the field of Indian music?
(a) Tansen
(b) Tulsidas
(c) Kabir
(d) Amir Khusro
Answer:
(d) Amir Khusro

Question 5. ‘Chaado’ dance means which dance?
(a) Tribal Dance
(b) Dance of Bharvaad
(c) Dance of Kolis
(d) Dance of Padharaas
Answer:
(a) Tribal Dance

Question 6. Siddhis, the dancer of Dhamaal dance were native of
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Andaman
(c) Africa
(d) Thailand
Answer:
(c) Africa

Question 7. On which day is the “World Yoga Day” celebrated?
(a) 21 June
(b) 1 May
(c) 21 April
(d) 5 September
Answer:
(a) 21 June