Previous Year Papers NEET Biology Class 12 – Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

Biotechnology: Principles and Processes is a crucial chapter of NEET Biology Class 12 that explains genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, cloning, PCR, gene therapy, and other biotechnological tools. Mastery of this chapter is essential for answering both theoretical and diagram-based NEET questions.

NEET previous year papers frequently include questions on cloning techniques, restriction enzymes, vectors, gene editing, and biotechnological applications. Practicing PYQs helps students strengthen understanding of biotechnology principles and processes. Studentbro.in provides exam-focused material for effective preparation.

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Recombinant DNA Technology – NEET PYQ Focus

• Definition – Combining DNA from two different sources to produce new genetic combinations.

• Steps Involved:

  • Isolation of genetic material

  • Cutting DNA using restriction enzymes

  • Insertion into vectors (plasmids)

  • Introduction into host cells

  • Screening and selection of recombinants

NEET questions often test steps, enzymes, vectors, and applications.

Cloning and Types of Cloning – Important NEET Concepts

• Gene Cloning – Producing multiple copies of a gene using vectors.

• Organismal Cloning – Producing genetically identical organisms (e.g., Dolly the sheep).

• Applications – Agriculture, medicine, and research.

Previous year papers may ask about differences between gene cloning and reproductive cloning.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) – Key Concepts

• Definition – Technique to amplify DNA segments.

• Steps – Denaturation, annealing, extension.

• Uses – Diagnosis of genetic disorders, forensic science, and molecular biology research.

NEET PYQs often test PCR steps, purpose, and applications.

Gene Therapy – NEET PYQ Focus

• Definition – Treating genetic disorders by replacing defective genes.

• Methods – Ex vivo (cells treated outside body) and in vivo (directly into body).

• Applications – Treatment of cystic fibrosis, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).

Previous year papers may ask about methods and examples of gene therapy.

Biotechnological Tools – Important Concepts

• Restriction Enzymes – Cut DNA at specific sequences.

• Ligases – Join DNA fragments.

• Vectors – Plasmids, bacteriophages, cosmids.

• Transgenic Organisms – Plants or animals carrying foreign genes.

NEET questions often test role of enzymes, vectors, and transgenic examples.

Applications of Biotechnology

• Medicine – Production of insulin, vaccines, antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies.

• Agriculture – Bt cotton, pest-resistant crops, herbicide-tolerant plants.

• Industry – Fermentation, biofuel production, waste treatment.

• Environment – Bioremediation using microbes to degrade pollutants.

NEET PYQs often include applications and benefits of biotechnological processes.

Importance of Previous Year Papers for NEET Biology

Practicing previous year papers helps students identify frequently asked topics, reinforce conceptual understanding, and improve speed. PYQs for Biotechnology: Principles and Processes focus on recombinant DNA technology, cloning, PCR, gene therapy, and applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry.

Conclusion

Previous Year Papers of NEET Biology Class 12 Biotechnology: Principles and Processes are essential for mastering biotechnological tools and their applications. This chapter requires clear understanding of recombinant DNA technology, cloning, PCR, gene therapy, and industrial, medical, and agricultural applications.

Regular practice of PYQs helps students enhance conceptual clarity, problem-solving skills, and confidence in NEET. Studentbro.in provides structured, reliable, and exam-focused content to help NEET aspirants succeed.