Overview

Work, Energy, and Power are fundamental concepts in NEET Physics that form a crucial part of Mechanics. These topics not only help in solving numerical problems but also build a strong conceptual base for understanding advanced topics like Rotational Motion, Gravitation, and Oscillations. For NEET aspirants, mastering the formulas of work, energy, and power can significantly improve problem-solving speed and accuracy. This guide provides a complete list of important formulas, definitions, and applications.

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1. Work in Physics

Definition:
In physics, work is said to be done when a force is applied on an object, and the object is displaced in the direction of the force.

Formula for Work (W):
W = F · d · cos θ

Where:
W = Work done
F = Force applied
d = Displacement of the object
θ = Angle between force and displacement

Key Points:

• Work is positive when the force and displacement are in the same direction.
• Work is negative when the force and displacement are in opposite directions.
• Unit of Work: Joule (J)

Example:
If a force of 10 N moves an object 5 m in the same direction, work done:
W = 10 × 5 × cos 0° = 50 J

2. Energy in Physics

Definition:
Energy is the capacity to do work. It exists in various forms such as kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical, and electrical energy.

a) Kinetic Energy (KE)

Energy possessed by a body due to its motion.
KE = 1/2 m v²
Where:
m = mass of the body
v = velocity of the body

b) Potential Energy (PE)

Energy possessed by a body due to its position or configuration.
PE = m g h
Where:
m = mass of the body
g = acceleration due to gravity
h = height of the body from reference point

c) Work-Energy Theorem

W = ΔKE = KE_final − KE_initial
This states that the work done by all forces on a body equals the change in its kinetic energy.

3. Power in Physics

Definition:
Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.

Formula for Power (P):
P = W / t

Where:
W = work done
t = time taken
Unit of Power: Watt (W), where 1 W = 1 J/s

Also:
P = F · v · cos θ, where v is the velocity of the object in the direction of the force.

4. Important Work-Energy-Power Formulas for NEET

• Work done by a constant force: W = F d cos θ
• Kinetic energy: KE = 1/2 m v²
• Potential energy: PE = m g h
• Work-Energy Theorem: W = ΔKE
• Power: P = W / t or P = F v cos θ
• Mechanical energy: E = KE + PE
• Work done by variable force: W = ∫ F dx
• Efficiency: η = (Useful work output / Total work input) × 100%

5. Applications in NEET

• Solving numerical problems on forces, motion, and energy transformations.
• Calculating the work done by variable forces in mechanics.
• Understanding energy conservation in systems, crucial for problems in Gravitation, Oscillations, and Fluid Mechanics.
• Computing power output in biological or mechanical systems.

Tips for NEET Students:

• Memorize all formulas with units.
• Understand derivations—they often appear in exams as reasoning questions.
• Practice previous year NEET questions for numerical accuracy.
• Use diagrams for better conceptual clarity of energy transfer.

6. Examples for Practice

Example 1:
A 2 kg body is moving with a velocity of 10 m/s. Find its kinetic energy.
KE = 1/2 m v² = 1/2 × 2 × 10² = 100 J

Example 2:
A force of 20 N moves a box 4 m at an angle of 60° to the horizontal. Work done:
W = F d cos θ = 20 × 4 × cos 60° = 40 J

7. Conclusion

Understanding Work, Energy, and Power is essential for NEET Physics preparation. These concepts help students solve numerical problems, apply the work-energy theorem, and calculate power in mechanical and biological systems. Mastery of formulas, along with practice, ensures higher accuracy and speed in exams. Remember, energy conservation and work-power relationships are not just theoretical—they are practical tools for tackling complex NEET questions efficiently.

By referring to this comprehensive guide on StudentBro.in, NEET aspirants can streamline their preparation and confidently approach the Work, Energy, and Power section in exams.