Overview

Magnetism and Matter is a significant chapter in NEET Physics that deals with the magnetic properties of materials, the relationship between magnetization and magnetic fields, and the behavior of materials in external fields. This chapter connects fundamental ideas of magnetic intensity, magnetic flux density, and susceptibility, which are important for solving both theoretical and numerical NEET questions. Understanding the formulas in this chapter helps students analyze dia-, para-, and ferromagnetic materials, as well as applications like magnetic circuits, inductors, and transformers. This guide provides a detailed, exam-focused overview of essential formulas and concepts in Magnetism and Matter.

Direct Links to Download 2025-26 Formula Physics (PDF)

► Click “Download Now” next to your subject to access the free PDF.

♦ Units and Measurements ⇒ Download Now

♦ Motion in Straight Line ⇒ Download Now

♦ Motion in a Plane ⇒ Download Now

♦ Laws of Motion ⇒ Download Now

♦ Work, Energy and Power ⇒ Download Now

♦ System of Particles and Rotational Motion ⇒ Download Now

♦ Gravitation ⇒ Download Now

♦ Mechanical Properties of Solids ⇒ Download Now

♦ Mechanical Properties of Fluids ⇒ Download Now

♦ Thermal Properties of Matter ⇒ Download Now

♦ Thermodynamics ⇒ Download Now

♦ Kinetic Theory ⇒ Download Now

♦ Oscillations and SHM ⇒ Download Now

♦ Waves ⇒ Download Now

♦ Electric Charge and Fields ⇒ Download Now

♦ Electric Potential and Capacitance ⇒ Download Now

♦ Current Electricity ⇒ Download Now

♦ Moving Charges and Magnetism ⇒ Download Now

♦ Magnetism and Matter ⇒ Download Now

♦ Electromagnetic Induction ⇒ Download Now

♦ Alternating Current ⇒ Download Now

♦ Electromagnetic Waves ⇒ Download Now 

♦ Ray Optics and Optical Instruments ⇒ Download Now

♦ Wave Optics ⇒ Download Now

♦ Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter ⇒ Download Now

♦ Nuclei ⇒ Download Now

♦ Semiconductor Electronis ⇒ Download Now

Magnetization of Materials

Magnetization (M) is the magnetic moment per unit volume of a material:

• M = magnetic moment / volume

Key points for NEET:

• M is a vector quantity

• Represents the response of a material to an external magnetic field

• Basis for understanding the classification of magnetic materials

Magnetic Field Intensity (H)

Magnetic field intensity H represents the magnetizing field applied to a material:

• H = B / μ₀ - M, where B = magnetic flux density, μ₀ = permeability of free space, M = magnetization

Key points:

• H is also called magnetic field strength

• Determines how a material responds to applied magnetic fields

• Used to calculate induced magnetization in materials

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

Magnetic susceptibility (χ) measures the degree of magnetization in response to H:

• M = χ H

Magnetic permeability (μ) determines how easily a material supports magnetic field formation:

• B = μ H, where μ = μ₀ (1 + χ)

Key points for NEET:

• χ > 0 for paramagnetic materials, χ < 0 for diamagnetic materials

• Ferromagnetic materials have high positive susceptibility

• Helps distinguish between dia-, para-, and ferromagnetic behaviors

Classification of Magnetic Materials

1. Diamagnetic materials:

   • χ < 0, weakly repelled by magnetic fields

   • Example: Copper, Bismuth

2. Paramagnetic materials:

   • χ > 0, weakly attracted by magnetic fields

   • Example: Aluminium, Oxygen

3. Ferromagnetic materials:

   • χ >> 0, strongly attracted, show hysteresis

   • Example: Iron, Nickel, Cobalt

Understanding these properties helps solve NEET conceptual and numerical questions related to material behavior in fields.

B-H Relation

The relationship between magnetic flux density (B) and magnetic field strength (H) is:

• B = μ H = μ₀ (H + M)

Key points:

• Shows how material modifies the applied field

• Basis for calculating energy stored in magnetic fields and designing magnetic circuits

Hysteresis and Energy Loss

Ferromagnetic materials show hysteresis, the lag of magnetization behind the applied field:

• Area of hysteresis loop represents energy loss per unit volume

• Important in designing transformers and magnetic cores

Understanding hysteresis is essential for NEET questions on practical magnetic applications.

Magnetic Moment of a Molecule

The magnetic moment of a molecule (μ_m) is given by:

• μ_m = (number of unpaired electrons) × μ_B, where μ_B = Bohr magneton

Key points:

• Determines the paramagnetic property of materials

• Useful for solving NEET problems on molecular magnetism

Torque on a Magnetic Dipole

A magnetic dipole in an external field experiences torque:

• τ = μ × B

Key points:

• Tends to align the dipole with the magnetic field

• Basis of moving coil galvanometers and electric motors

Energy of a Magnetic Dipole

Potential energy of a magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field:

• U = -μ · B

Key points:

• Minimum when μ is parallel to B

• Helps in analyzing stability of dipoles in magnetic fields

Importance of Magnetism and Matter Formulas in NEET

These formulas help NEET aspirants:

• Analyze material behavior in magnetic fields

• Calculate magnetic flux density, magnetization, susceptibility, and permeability

• Solve problems involving torque, energy, and dipole orientation

• Apply concepts to practical devices like transformers, motors, and inductors

Key formulas to remember:

• M = magnetic moment / volume

• H = B / μ₀ - M

• M = χ H, B = μ H = μ₀ (H + M)

• μ_m = number of unpaired electrons × μ_B

• τ = μ × B, U = -μ · B

Memorizing these formulas ensures efficient problem-solving in NEET exams.

Practical Applications

Magnetism and Matter concepts are widely applied in:

• Design of transformers and magnetic circuits

• Electric motors and generators

• Magnetic storage devices

• Electromagnets for industrial and medical applications

• Understanding paramagnetic, diamagnetic, and ferromagnetic materials in chemistry and physics experiments

Connecting theory with real-life applications enhances NEET preparation and retention of concepts.

Preparation Tips for NEET Magnetism and Matter

1. Understand Conceptually – Focus on M, H, B, χ, and μ.

2. Create a Formula Sheet – Include susceptibility, permeability, torque, energy, and dipole moment formulas.

3. Use Diagrams – Draw B-H curves, hysteresis loops, and dipole alignment.

4. Regular Revision – Frequent practice ensures quick recall under exam conditions.

5. Connect with Real Life – Relate magnetic properties to transformers, motors, and magnetic devices.

Conclusion

Magnetism and Matter is a high-yield chapter for NEET Physics that connects material properties, magnetic fields, and magnetic effects. Mastering magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, permeability, torque, energy of dipoles, and B-H relations allows students to solve both numerical and conceptual problems efficiently. Understanding the physical significance of each formula, visualizing magnetic interactions, and revising regularly enhances confidence, accuracy, and speed. This guide provides NEET aspirants with a structured approach to learn, revise, and master Magnetism and Matter effectively, making it an essential resource for exam success.