Organs of Government Class 9 GSEB Solutions Social Science Chapter 10

Gujarat Board Class 9 Social Science Organs of Government Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Answer the following questions:

Question 1. What is the principle of division of power?
Answer:
The Principle of division of power:

1. The government carries out various functions of the state.
2. Although these are different from one another, they are interrelated at many areas.
3. The functions of all the three organs of the government namely Legislative, Executive and Judiciary are different and all of these require a certain expertise.
4. So, all the three organs of the government are run by different people and each organ carries out its own functions.
5. If only one organ of the government would have all the powers then it, it would lead to supremacy and misuse of power. This would also affect national integrity and well-being.
6. To avoid these problems, the government had divided its powers in three parts i.e., among its three organs.
7. By dividing the powers its misuse is avoided.
8. Moreover, division of power enables an efficient work system.
9. For example, the Legislative has the power to formulate laws but some powers are also given to the Executive and the Judiciary to see that the Legislative does not misuse its powers to formulate laws that could prove harmful for the nation.
10. Similarly, the Executive is controlled by giving powers to the Legislative and the Judiciary. The Judicial system is controlled by giving power to the Legislative and the Executive.
11. Thus, we can say that the powers are distributed in such a way that no organ of the government can claim full authority overworks, procedures or laws of India.

Question 2. What is eligibility of a member of Parliament?
Answer:
Eligibility for a candidate to become a member of the Lok Sabha:
The Candidate:

1. Must be a citizen of India having minimum age of 25 years.
2. Should not be mentally unstable, bankrupt or criminal.
3. Should not be a government employee.

Eligibility for a candidate to become a member of the Rajya Sabha:
The Candidate

1. Must be a citizen of India.
2. Should be 30 years of age or more.
3. Must not be mentally unstable, bankrupt or criminal.
4. Should not be a government employee or holding a position or office that provide him profit.

Question 3. What is the Quorum for the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha?
Answer:
The minimum number of members of the Parliament that must be present at any of its meeting so that the decision taken in the proceeding can be considered valid is called quorum.

Quorum of the Lok Sabha:

1. The minimum quorum should be 1/10^th.
2. It means in order to consider decision of the Lok Sabha as valid, minimum 55 out of 552 members should be present. Quorum of the Rajya Sabha:
3. The minimum quorum should be 1/10^th.
4. It means is order to consider decision of the Rajya Sabha as valid, minimum 25 out of 250 members should be present.

Question 4. How are the members of the Rajya Sabha elected?
Answer:
There are 250 members in the Rajya Sabha [present Rajya Sabha has 245 members (233+12)].

1. The members of the Rajya Sabha are indirectly elected by the members of the Legislative Assemblies (Vidhan Sabha) of the States and the Union Territories through a method of equivalent representation.
2. In all 238 members of the Rajya Sabha are elected.
3. Rest 12 members are nominated by the President of India.
4. These nominated members are distinguished or famous persons belonging to the field of literature, science, arts, culture, sports and social service.
5. A person can become member of only one House at a time.

Question 5. How is the Speaker the protector of the dignity of the House?
Answer:

1. The main function of the Speaker is to observe the proceedings of the Lok Sabha.
2. He commands and presides over the meeting/ sessions of the Lok Sabha and maintains and controls their functioning.
3. The Speaker also sees that the members maintain discipline or not, and maintains order and dignity of the House. The decision of the Speaker with respect to these function is full and final.
4. Hence, on the basis of the duties and responsibilities of the Speaker, it can be said that he is protector of the dignity of the House.

Question 6. Describe the emergency powers of the President.
Answer:
(a) National Emergency:
        If the President is satisfied that the security of India or any part of its territory is threatened by a war or external aggression or armed rebellion, he can declare an Emergency for the whole of India or any of its parts. The declaration of                Emergency cannot be challenged in court.

(b) Constitutional Emergency:

1. Based on report of the Governor, the President can declare constitutional emergency in that particular state.
2. He can establish ‘Presidential Rule’ by dissolving the state cabinet ministry.

(c) Financial Emergency

1. In case of this Emergency, the President can reduce salaries of all government officials, including judges of the Supreme Court and the High Court.
2. Thus, the President has vast executive and administrative powers and though all the administration can be considered in the hands of the President only and done in his name only.
3. Yet in reality, the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers enjoy these powers.

Question 7. What is the process of Impeachment?
Answer:

1. A special procedure through which the President can be removed from his post before his term expires is known as impeachment.
2. A President can be impeachment for violation of the Constitution.
3. The process of removal of the President may start in any of the two Houses of the Parliament.
4. The House starts the process by putting the charges against the President.
5. A resolution to impeach the President has to be passed by a 2/3^rd majority of the total members of the House.
6. The resolution is then sent to the other House for investigating the charges being put.
7. If the second House also approves the charges with 2/3^rd majority, the President is removed from office.
8. During the process of impeachment, the President has the right to defend himself.

Question 8. Mention the powers of the Parliament.
Answer:

1. The Parliament has two Houses – the Lok Sabha (the Lower House of the Parliament) and the Rajya Sabha (the upper House of the Parliament).
2. The Parliament controls, guides and informs the government.
3. he Question Hour with which the Parliament session begins is an important mechanism through which MPs (Members of Parliament) can elicit information about the working of the government. This is a very important way through which the Parliament controls the executive.
4. In all matters dealing with finance, the Parliament’s approval is crucial for the government.
5. The Parliament makes new laws for the entire country, and also amends or repeals them, if necessary.
6. It passes the budget of the Union Government. Also, it is empowered to vote a reduction in the budget or reject it altogether.
7. The Parliament can remove the President of India through impeachment.
8. It can also impeach the judges of the Supreme Court and the High Court, in case they are found violating the Constitution or misusing their status.

Question 9. State the institutes of Local Self-Governance.
Answer:
The Rural Institutions of Local Self-Governance are:

1. Gram Panchayat i.e. Village Panchayat (at Village level)
2. Panchayat Samiti i.e. Taluka Panchayat (at Taluka level)
3. Zilla Parishad i.e. District Panchayat (at District level)

The Urban Institutions of Local Self-Governance are:

1. Municipality (Nagarpalika)
2. (Municipal Corporation) Mahanagarpalika
3. Megacity – Mahanagar Nigam.

Question 10. State the vices of bureaucracy.
Answer:

1. There are two organs of the government- Political Executive and Administrative Executive.
2. The Political Executive frames various policies in different fields. The detailed and efficient implementation of these policies is done by the Administrative Executive.
3. Expert and professionally efficient and experienced public servants in various fields are the backbones of the government. These public servants are known as bureaucrats.
4. The power and influence of the government is becoming more centred in the bureaucracy.
5. Nepotism, corruption, dishonesty, inefficiency, misconduct, escapism are the evils of bureaucracy.

2. Explain giving reasons for the following statements.

Question 1. Indian Parliament is bicameral.
Answer:

1. A bicameral legislature divides the legislators in two separate houses or assemblies.
2. In India, we have two Houses at centre level. The Lower House is known as the Lok Sabha whereas the Upper House is known as the Rajya Sabha.
3. Similarly, at state level the legislative has two Houses.
4. The Lower House of the state is called the Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) whereas the Upper House is called the Vidhan Parishad (Legislative Council).
5. Since, India’s legislature is divided in two Houses at both central and state level, it is said that Indian Parliament is bicameral.

Question 2. Rajya Sabha is a permanent house.
Answer:

1. The Rajya Sabha is the Upper House of the Parliament whose members belong to various fields such as culture, sports, science, etc.
2. These members are not elected by people directly. So, they are not directly responsible to people.
3. Unlike the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha cannot be dissolved.
4. Its members are selected for a term of six years and 1/3^rd of its members retire every second years.
5. The Rajya Sabha always remains in motion and is independent for general election of the country.
6. Owing to all these reasons it is said that Rajya Sabha is a permanent house and is not subject to dissolution.

Question 3. Parliament in India is not supreme, but the Constitution is considered supreme.
Answer:

1. One of the major tasks of the Parliament is to make the laws for the country.
2. The proposals for the laws are made in the Parliament, discussed and read thoroughly and it deemed properly the laws are drafted and implemented.
3. A country runs as per the laws existing in the country. So, the Parliament has vast powers.
4. However, the Parliament cannot frame laws that violate the guidelines of the Constitution.
5. In case if the Parliament has drafted and passed a law, the Constitution can overrule and reject it.
6. Thus, in spite of the Parliament being the supreme body in the country for making laws, but the Constitution is considered supreme.

Question 4. Independent and impartial judiciary is the foundation of democracy.
Answer:

1. Democracy works on the principle of by the people, for the people, and of the people.
2. India is a democratic country and truly follows this principle.
3. The fully abide by this principle, India gave full authority to judiciary to give justice to people as per the judicial laws and the Constitution.
4. Neither the legislative nor executive can interfere in the matters of the judiciary. This helps the judiciary to give justice to the people without pressure of legislative and executive or influence of people associated with these organs. Doing so, one can truly enjoy the fruits of democracy.
5. Hence, it is said that independent and impartial judiciary is the foundation of democracy.

Question 5. The Institutes of Local Self-Governance are the training schools and laboratory of constitutional improvement in a democracy.
Answer:
Advantages of Local Self-Rural Governance:

1. The Institutes of Local Self-Governance provide training to people on way to conduct election, voting, duties, responsibilities, administration and ruling and opposing parties.
2. Under this system, the region gets an opportunity of self-development.
3. Since, the development and welfare takes place from grass-root level, it can be extended to upper levels of governance. This helps in filling the gap and improving the system of entire nation.
4. As a result, institutes of Local Self-Governance are known as the training schools and laboratories of constitutional improvement in democracy.

Question 6. The State Legislative Assembly is the representative of people’s desires.
Answer:

1. The Legislative Assembly frames law and policies which are then implemented in the state.
2. The policies of a state are the base for the welfare of the people and state.
3. The frame the policies the political executives take the help of administrative executive.
4. The administrative executives consists of expert and professionally efficient and experienced public servants in the field of foreign relations, defence, security forces, international trade and commerce, nuclear energy, production, distribution, banking, insurance, foreign exchange, etc.
5. These administrative executives are in constant touch with the people of the state.
6. They understand the culture, the trend, the socio-economic and religious patterns of the state.
7. Based on the deep understanding and knowledge of the administrative executive and association with the political executive, the Legislative Assembly forms policies that fulfils the desire of the people and welfares them.
8. Thus, the State Legislative Assembly is the representative of the people’s desires.

Question 7. Governor plays a key role between the Centre and the State.
Answer:

1. The Governor is the constitutional and formal head of the state.
2. The President of India appoints the Governor with an aim that the Governor will work for the welfare and progress of the nation in the best possible way.
3. Then the Governor appoints the Chief Minister of the state as well as the Council of Ministers.
4. He also appoints the Advocate General, the Chairman, the members of the State Public- Service Commission.
5. All of them appointed people work for the welfare of the state.
6. Although these people work for the state, they are helping to build a strong and progressive nation.
7. Selection of correct and eligible cabinet leads the nation towards prosperity.
8. Thus, the Governor forms an important part of the chain between the Centre and the State and hence plays a key role between them.

Question 8. Lok Sabha is the key public organisation of the nation.
Answer:

1. The Lok Sabha is the Lower House of the Parliament.
2. It represents the people of India as a whole.
3. The representatives of states in the Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people from various states.
4. People elect them to fulfil their demands from the nation.
5. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lower House of the Parliament. Thus, if government does something which is not in the welfare of the people then it has to give answer and reason for its works.
6. So, the Lok Sabha exercises control over the executive. This assures that executive takes care of people who have elected them.
7. If the executive does not function properly, the Lok Sabha on behalf of people can warn it and ask it to resolve its mistake.
8. Hence, it is rightly said that the Lok Sabha is the key public organization of the nation.

Question 9. An amicable relation between the political executive and the administrative executive is a pre-requisite for the smooth governance of the nation.
Answer:

1. The political executive frames various policies in different fields whereas the administrative executive implements them.
2. The policies of a state may be quite useful for the welfare of the people and state. But, if they are not implemented effectively, then they would be useless.
3. Based on their qualification and direct contact with the public, the administrative executive advises and guides the political executives in the matters of policy formation and amendment.
4. It provides necessary information and fact and figures to the political executive so that they can frame better policies. However, the political executive is not bound to follow its advice.
5. The administrative system (or executive) provide necessary back up to the political executive in the effective implementation of these policies.
6. Their expertise, high-level knowledge, administrative insight, broad experience, prediction and administrative efficiency help them to carry out the state administrative effectively.
7. With respect to the organs of the government, the political executive acts as the brain behind the welfare of the people whereas the administrative executive acts as the limbs.
8. Hence, an amicable relation between the political executive and the administrative executive is a pre-requisite for the smooth governance of the nation.

Question 10.
Efficient and bold public servants are the backbone of the government.
Answer:

1. The political executives frame various policies in different fields whereas the administrative executives implement them.
2. The policies of a state may be quite useful for the welfare of the people and state. But, if they are not implemented effectively then they would be useless.
3. Based on the qualification and direct contact with the public, the administrative executives who work as public servants advise and guide the political executives in the matters of policy formation and amendment.
4. These public servants provides necessary backup to the political executive in the effective implementation of these policies.
5. The public servants includes expert and professionally efficient and experienced people in the field of foreign relations, defence, security forces, international trade and commerce, nuclear energy, production, distribution, banking insurance, foreign exchange, etc.
6. Their expertise, high-level knowledge, administrative insight, broad experience, prediction and administrative efficiency help them to carry out the state administration effectively.
7. These public servants if boldly present the need of people and reject the proposals of the political executives that are not in favour of the people, can do wonders for the state.
8. Owing to all these reasons it is said that efficient and bold public servants from the backbone of the government.

3. Write short notes on:
Question 1. Position of the Governor and his functions.